Free Things They Carrieds Very Deep and Tou Essay Example For Students

Free Things They Carrieds: Very Deep and Tou Essay ching Things They Carried EssaysThe Things They Carried: Very Deep and Touching If anybody knows the slightest bit about Vietnam it is that numerous lives where lost. All through school understudies were just trained the exceptionally top layer about the Vietnam War, for example, dates, puts that the war occurred, and straight measurements of the war. The parts that were forgotten about are the disasters, and the perpetual scars this war left. Understudies are told about the quantity of passings that happened, yet they are not told about the carries on with that were influenced, or how upsetting the war truly was to the troopers that battled in it. Much can be deciphered by what individuals compose. The extraordinary thing about translations is that each composing can be deciphered in an unexpected way. Much the same as Tim OBriens book named The Things They Carried. It is an extremely profound and contacting assortment of tales about the Vietnam War and numerous people groups encounters in this damaging war. One story that is a contacting and extremely charming is named, The Man I Killed. A peruser can take a gander at this story and relate it back to things they learned in school, yet the purpose of the story isn't this yet rather things that can not be educated in government funded schools. This particular story goes inside a warriors brain and shows the peruser what they are thinking when they slaughter somebody. The way that OBrien begins this story is with incredible depiction that enables the peruser to picture what is happening. He portrays a mutilated body that somebody had as of late executed; again not part of lessons in state funded schools. The story proceeds to determine what the casualties foundation may have been according to the fighter. How perhaps he was a researcher and his folks ranchers, or possibly why this youngster was in the military, and why he was battling. OBrien states that the man may have joined on the grounds that he was battling for autonomy, much the same as all the individuals that were battling with him, perhaps this man had been instructed from the earliest starting point; that to safeguard the land was a keeps an eye on most elevated obligation and benefit. Then again perhaps he was not a decent warrior, possibly he was in unexpected weakness yet had been advised to battle and couldn't pose any inquiries. These are for the most part reasons that are instructed in course readings; they oblige the possibility of the draft. A few people go battle since they need to and others go on the grounds that they are advised they need to. How would you distinguish these individuals in the warmth of fight or when they are dead? OBrien next portrays the youngster as somebody who was little, delicate, and perhaps had plans for a splendid future. The demise of this officer is probably going to carry distress to the core of the peruser. OBrien states that all the plans that he had made, presently will never occur; for him or the family that is aching for his arrival. He likewise composes how there is a lot of disappointment and a little distress in the executioners mind. It interests me how OBrien composes on this youthful keeps an eye on life and how it reached an unexpected conclusion and his arrangements for what's to come are finished. Notwithstanding that he had the story composed through the eyes of the officer that finished this youthful keeps an eye on life. Once more, I should state understudies are not instructed about the war through the eyes of individuals that accomplished the torment and disaster. This story shows what amount couldn't be educated in schools. .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae , .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae .postImageUrl , .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae , .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae:hover , .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae:visited , .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae:active { border:0!important; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae:active , .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c 75e06083536f1ae .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ue2a35867e5532ac4c75e06083536f1ae:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Karl marx Essay Thesis It makes one miracle, why? Individuals take a gander at war now as something they need halted and never let it happen again. With stories like The Sorrows of War, it places all the more terrible pictures of war in people groups minds. It shows that it not just influenced the officer that got executed and his family, yet in addition the fighter that pulled the trigger. I picked this story to expound on the grounds that before I read it I had never truly been shown something beyond the nuts and bolts about Vietnam. In the wake of understanding it and seeing the passing of an officer through someones eyes and the profound influences it had on his life aggravates my viewpoint of war then it as of now is.

American Foreign Policy free essay sample

This paper analyzes the requirement for change in American Foreign Policy through the assessments of three articles. An assessment of American Foreign Policy from three articles from Annual Editions American Foreign Policy: Article 33, Musclebound: The Limits of U.S. Force by Stephen M. Walt; Article 12, A Small Peace for the Middle East by Arthur Hertzberg; and Article 11, To Be An Enlightened Power by Wu Xinbo. It examines the general international strategy topic that interfaces the articles together, the focal contentions of each article, the article the writer will in general help, and what ought to be the last international strategy reactions and answers for the issues. Every one of the three creators, Walt, Hertzberg, and Xinbo, plainly accept that the United States should change its way to deal with international strategy. The creators sees are connected by their representation of the United States as the significant super force on the planet and the issues and duties that emerge with this reality. During the mid 1900s, and in any event, looking to the current day, on balance has the ascent of American as a domain or hegemon been working for the worldwide great? Taking a gander at this thought in simply high contrast terms, sure. US inclusion during the late 1800s and mid 1900s, including the freedom of Spanish settlements, for example, Cuba and the Philippines, point of fact yielded various global advantages to the locals of these areas and the United States. Nonetheless, if when looking further and more, to the real inspiration for the fast ascent of the US to the highest point of the universal society and what really occurred after the underlying association, it turns out to be increasingly evident that perhaps, the US was not really the ideal country that everybody, including US residents thought they were. Because of the round of governmental issues, the craving to grow the economy, and the contemplations about getting land in geostrategic areas, the apparently unadulterated inspirations for moving powers past the fringe of the nation become defaced. Indeed, even from the beginning of the country, one of the essential focal points of the individuals and the legislature was the development of the economy to get serious with the more industrialized Europe. At first, through levies, appropriations from the legislature, and outside advances, American organizations gradually turned out to be similarly as competent, if not more than those in Europe. What's more, the tremendous new landmass had the advantage of a wealth of common assets. Moving into the late 1800s and mid 1900s, the US economy and organizations were sufficiently able to show up into the worldwide spotlight. While trying to acquire customers and discover more assets to fabricate, the US covetously tried to frame monetary unions with nations everywhere throughout the world as per the thoughts set forth in Washington’s Farewell address. Be that as it may, as wars destroyed Europe, the United States unavoidably got included. Because of financial coalitions with nations on the two sides of wars like WWI, the best approach appeared to be just to stay unbiased as arranged and proceed with exchange. Notwithstanding, to these European countries, accommodating the foe was impossible. While the war introduced a novel and gainful dare to arms produces and different businesses in the United States, it turned out to be progressively certain that lack of bias was not a reasonable alternative if the administration needed to ensure US residents, especially US shipper and exchange paths open. The sinking of the Lusithania, while still a British Ship, was one of the last straws, at last adding the United States to the blend of developing worldwide forces occupied with a bleeding war. The ceaseless utilization of U-pontoons by Germany on any American shipper transports in European waters couldn't go unnoticed. In any case, when Wilson freely tended to the country he declared that the United States was going in to help carry harmony to the country and attempt to progress in the direction of a strategic arrangement. He needed to bring majority rules system and the goals of opportunities to the locale. In any case, in the event that one really sees what was in question for the Americans, one understands that this ideological way of thinking was not the center purpose for the section into the war. So as to safeguard the economy, the exchange courses that were built up, and keep up the thriving that was seen in the ongoing past, a steady Europe is essential. As a wellspring of customers and general exchange accomplices, European countries were fundamental to American organizations. Nonetheless, there is no uncertainty that America’s entrance into WWI and the harmony procedure a while later had no advantages. All things being equal, the political association in attempting to make the American Empire ought not be disregarded. Or maybe, it is critical to take note of how Americans political contribution, particularly in procedures after WWI, were valuable yet at the same time with American advancement on a basic level. Nonetheless, it is significant toâ note that American development during this timespan was energized by what are presently called the â€Å"Foreign Policy Elite,† a gathering of government officials, civil servants, and rich Americans who had extensive impact on the political choices made during the timeframe. Surely, the craving of these individuals to extend advertises and improve the customers of significant Americans organizations. As a result of the political clout controlled by these people, they had the option to adequately control enactment and revelations of war, remembering that against Spain for request to free Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam. Be that as it may, all the more critically is taking note of the American effect on the harmony procedures straightforwardly after WWI. Wilson’s fourteen focuses and plans for harmony were instrumental trying to carry harmony to war-torn Europe. The fourteen focuses definite an arrangement to attempt to have a level of influence between all the countries in Europe while keeping any one country from assuming the fault for the war or paying reparations. What's more, building up the League of Nations to help go about as a center man was a novel one for the timespan. Unfortunately, the fourteen focuses were never placed into impact as the European countries got together, barring Russia and Germany, so as to make an arrangement that worked for them. To be sure, the arrangement of Versailles had Germany paying reparations that would annihilate their economy for a considerable length of time and make land outskirts that would just serve to fuel the fire for more clash. Wilson could have minded less, and just looked as Europe lit the fire that would in the end start WWI. The main piece of Wilson’s thought that was received was the League of Nations. In any case, incidentally, the US never joined because of political strains among Wilson and the republicans in congress who didn't need a universal body to administer their decisions. In this by itself, obviously the political contention that existed during this timeframe served to incredibly impact American nearness on the planet just as their international strategy. While America’s goals were respectable in attempting to carry harmony to Europe, the inaction to advance US thoughts shows that occasionally, America was not as solid as it should have been in endeavoring to achieve majority rule government and world harmony. Notwithstanding the unadulterated legislative issues and economy related with American international strategy, the longing to grow both financially and ideologically expected us to have existences in geo vital areas around the world. After the Spanish-American war, the United States acquired land abroad, including the American Guam and the Philippines. While the US entered the war under the falsification of carrying majority rule government and opportunity to the area, it must be seen how and why the US really got engaged with this contention. Initially, under the Monroe Doctrine, it was critical to expel outside impact from the western half of the globe. It was not adequate that Spain controlled states in the Caribbean, so near the country. Along these lines, while the US mediated for the sake of equity and opportunity for the occupants of those islands, they had various different inspirations for doing what we did. Without a doubt, the individuals of the United States discovered that it is critical to not have European impact in the Western Hemisphere. With the disturbance attacking each and every European nation, saving nobody, the US took in the significance of having a solid universal standing, particularly concerning geopolitical significance. Recollecting that we were generally centered around the extension of exchange courses and trade, having islands in key refueling lines to Asia and Europe and even to South America was critical. Moreover, so as to smooth out exchange courses between the Pacific and the Atlantic, the United States militarily took over Panama so as to construct and finish the Panama waterway. While the US had a concurrence with Panama that we would leave them alone self-governing, so as to propel US geopolitical interests, the legislature â€Å"temporarily† broke the understanding, exhibiting the American’s want to improve just their personal satisfaction. â€Å"We hold these facts to act naturally apparent that all men are made equivalent. † These words, composed by the establishing fathers of the country, are a genuine demonstration of what precisely America should represent. America would like to attempt to bring the constitution any place the US banner goes, yet really what happens is the thing that should be inspected. It must be understood that while Americans attempt to work with attempting to spread goals, for example, majority rule government and opportunities, they unquestionably have their own thought processes in doing what they do. On an essential level, the United States Empire was a power for growing goals that were accepted to be acceptable and crucial to humankind. In any case, the real purpose behind proceeding with the activities is somewhat less ideological. Taking a gander at the particular instances of the Spanish American War and US contribution in World War I, it is noticeable that the United States on an entire had respectable aims of spreading the thoughts of widespread opportunities and popular government.

A recent report highlights a large rise in gambling in the UK.Discuss Essay

An ongoing report features an enormous ascent in betting in the UK.Discuss why this has happened, regardless of whether it is a reason for concern,and, provided that this is true, what should be possible stomach muscle - Essay Example dynamic and interminable issue that incorporates an unwavering inability to oppose motivations to bet and where this maladaptive conduct upsets, or harms individual, family, or professional pursuits’’ (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 615). Issue Gambling is â€Å"persistent and intermittent maladaptive betting conduct that upsets individual, family or professional pursuits.† (American Psychiatric Association) â€Å"It maintains a strategic distance from the clinical and pejorative ramifications of pathological’’ (Walker and Dickerson, 1996) and the term Problem Gambler’ is utilized to characterize somebody â€Å"whose betting is at a prior stage and to a lesser degree than required by the demonstrative criteria† (Rosenthal, 1989). The third term Compulsive Gambling is all the more frequently utilized by â€Å"laypersons, for example, Gamblers Anonymous (GA) members†. (Clinical Psychology Review 22 - 2002) As this con versation depends on brain science, the principle spotlight would stay on the â€Å"pathological gambling† so as to portray the betting practices. Various types of betting are secured by the term PG including club betting, pari-mutuels, horse races, lotteries and gaming machines. The obsessive betting has a few â€Å"negative effects on the gamblers’ physical and psychological wellness and execution in professional situations† (Productivity Commission, 1999). The neurotic speculators frequently face budgetary hardships, Interpersonal issues and psychosocial issues in their kids. It is additionally connected with critical issues, including â€Å"suicidal ideation and endeavors, conjugal clashes, work issues, liquor and substance misuse, mental co dreariness and diminished wellbeing function†. (Benjamin J. Morasco, Jeremiah Weinstock 2007) During most recent couple of decades, there has been an ascent in betting everywhere throughout the world and in United Kingdom likewise individuals are getting dependent of it. Despite the fact that there are no particular reasons that persuade individuals to begin betting yet there are a few factors that

American Nation Identity essays

American Nation Identity papers History specialists differ over the thought processes behind the American choice for war with England in 1812. They accepted that the job of the youthful western congressmens talks about a war program was ineffective and they guarded that it would vindicate the national respect. In this exposition , first I need to make reference to a short synopsis of the occasions which were occurred before war of 1812, at that point I will examine the remarks on the pioneers( Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun) contemplations about American national respect. Prior to the war of 1812, The United States endeavored to change the arrangements of the European powers by financial methods. In 1807, after the British boat Leopard terminated on the American frigate Chesapeake, President Thomas Jefferson asked and Congress passed a ban demonstration that restricted every single American boat from outside exchange. In any case, the ban neglected to change British and French arrangements, yet it crushed New England dispatching. More fragile monetary measures were additionally ineffective. They flopped in tranquil endeavors and they confronted a financial downturn, thus, a few Americans started to contend for a presentation of war to reclaim the national respect. The Congress was chosen in 1810 and a gathering met in November 1811 who was known as the War Hawks and who requested war against Great Britain. These men were all Democratic-Republicans and generally from the West and South. These pioneers were John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Henry Clay of Kentucky, and Felix Grundy of Tennessee. They contended that American respect could be spared and British arrangements changed by an intrusion of Canada. Then again, the Federalist Party spoke to New England shippers who predicted the ruination of their exchange, restricted war. In Henry Clays record, he discusses that trade, character, a countries best fortune, respect. He shielded their income is diminished by the activity of the pugnacious decrees and he said that agreement ... <!

Due Process and Parental RIghts free essay sample

Fair treatment and Parental Rights 2 One legal dispute that tended to parental rights and fair treatment is Zachary Deal v. Hamilton Board of Education (sixth Circuit 2004). This case included a multi year old young man and his folks, Maureen and Phillip Deal. Zachary Deal started preschool exhaustive improvement class at Ooltewah Elementary School. In September of 1997 while he was going to preschool, his folks decided to start instructing him at home utilizing a program created by the Center for Autism and Related Disorders or CARD (United States Court of Appeals, 2009).This program utilized one-on-one applied conduct investigation or â€Å"ABA.† On May 11, 1998 the Deals met with an IEP group to decide ESY or expanded school year. The informed the IEP group concerning Zacharys progress utilizing the CARD program at home and they needed Zachary to get an educational system supported locally situated ABA program for forty hours out of every week, just as, language training. The IEP group concurred on discourse for three days per weeks. The Deals had a couple of other IEP gatherings over the next year. During the time of 1998-1999 Zachary went to government funded schools sixteen percent of the time. At the point when they reconvened in May 1999 to talk about ESY for the mid year, the school would not give the Deals their solicitation of the school supported ABA program once more. They expressed that in light of his rare participation they couldn't archive any relapse without the ABA program. Zachary went to a private preschool for the 1999-2000 school year and didn't go to state funded school by any means. For the 2000-2001 school year, Zachary attended government funded school, however just low maintenance. All through this time, the Deals kept on mentioning at all IEP gatherings that the educational system furnish Zachary with framework financed private ABA. Each time this solicitation was denied. In September of 1999 the Deals mentioned a fair treatment hearing under the arrangements of the IDEA. (US Court of Offers, 2009). Zacharys guardians felt that he was not getting a FAPE and they were not ready to surrender without battling for what they felt was the most ideal training for their child. The principle difference that the Deals had with the Hamilton County Board of Education Due Process and Parental Rights 3 was they needed Zachary to go to class in the LRE and for him to get school subsidized private ABA or another type of ABA treatment. The educational committee was blamed for foreordaining not to offer Zachary ABA on any level, paying little mind to how useful it was which abused IDEA (United States Court of Appeals, 2009). Also, Zacharys guardians were not completely engaged with the IEP procedure which denied Zachary a FAPE. At one IEP meeting Zacharys guardians were educated that they were not permitted to pose any inquiry which goes totally against parental rights (County Schools, 2005). The IEP gatherings likewise neglected to have general training educator present. The Deals started their managerial hearing in March of 2000. In October of 2001 they started a survey of bits of the ALJs choice in locale court. At last in December of 2004 the courts chose a decision. The choice had been made to repay the Dealss with the cash they had spent on private ABA and related administrations (United States Court of Appeals, 2009). Tragically, it took a very long time in court and an expected 2,2850,000 to shield a generally little repayment guarantee (County Schools, 2005). I see this legal dispute as truly befuddling. There are various factors and edges which you can take. I concur with the decision for various reasons, nonetheless, I additionally feel that the guardians were not completely coordinating like they could need to accomplish the most ideal outcomes. In the one article I read it really addresses what number of could â€Å"think† that the school region is the person in question, yet truth be told on the off chance that you read the full court transcripts you will see that is basically not the situation. The article was composed by the Deals lawyer so it is one-sided, however it makes some generally excellent focuses. I am not exactly sure how to adhere to a meaningful boundary in what amount ought not out of the ordinary from the educational system and when a family is requesting excessively. Clearly I am not by any means the only one who thinks this is befuddling or thereâ would be progressively solid government laws. On one hand I feel that the most significant thing to remember is parental rights. Who else is going to battle for a youngster like their own folks? On the off chance that guardians are denied appropriate notice, legitimate time to plan to go to the gathering, flexibly the materials in the local Due Process and Parental Rights 4 language or potentially gracefully an interpreter, the school area is abusing IDEA and there ought to be outcomes. This I feel is even more a high contrast issue so there isn't as much space for disarray. I think it is the point at which it comes down to issues, for example, LRE and extra projects/benefits that it goes more in to a hazy area. This is when guardians need to go to fair treatment. I accepted that many school regions give in now to shield from bringing about court cost and media consideration. In the wake of perusing this case, I don't know that my rationale is right. Unmistakably on account of the Deals the school demonstrated no enthusiasm to hear their side of the story or take in to thought Zacharys progress with his at home ABA treatment. A school can't ruin a guardians supposition and do however they see fit, when a youngster is once in a while going to the program, can the school be liable for paying for private treatment for a kid they think minimal about? It is a lose-lose situation as I would like to think. The guardians would prefer not to send they youngster to a school where they will relapse and the school doesn't feel liable for giving out extra subsidizing and administrations for an understudy they have little information on. Somebody needs to give some place. The main concern is there are continually going to be circumstances that are hard to tell who is correct and what arrangement will be directly for an understudy to be genuinely effective. I feel that a family doesn't generally have their own childs wellbeing on the most fundamental level and pushes to assist them with accepting government managed savings benefits, and so on. This is really pitiful and one that I trust is an uncommon event. A few guardians battle with disavowal and push for administrations that the kid can't really profit by to make sure they feel more â€Å"normal.† My heart breaks in these occurrences, however we by one way or another must assistance a parent comprehend that their childs future may look somewhat better than arranged. Ultimately, we should all attempt to have the understudies wellbeing on a basic level and not consider what will be the most straightforward or the least expensive, and so on. Cooperating with the guardians of uncommon needsâ children ought to be a collaboration. Regardless of how requesting and troublesome a family is, we as a specialized curriculum educators must attempt to locate a center ground so a case like this doesn't present itself once more. Fair treatment and Parental Rights 5

Checking in as we count down to January 5th COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Checking in as we count down to January 5th COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Theres about 10 days until the January 5th application deadline, and I wanted to check in on how youre doing. Hopefully youve gotten your test scores, transcripts, and letters of recommendation squared away, as well as having the bones of your personal state and short essay together. Not there yet? Definitely follow up with your people again. Sometimes things fall through the crack, especially since we all get busy towards the end of the year. Revisit your essays with fresh eyes, and double-check that you answered the prompt. Take a step back to rethink thinks if youre stuck. Will you be writing an Optional Essay? Its not necessary, just another avenue to address in more detail an aspect of your application. And as you know, the application requires a CV not the standard one-page resume youd use for a job application as well as a quantitative/language resume. If youre still unsure about what to include, read this breakdown here. If youre all the way at the end: Did you write Colombia or Columbia? And remember that the video essay is only available after you submit your application and pay the fee! Youre just two minutes away from the finish line. Remember, if youre really unsure about something, the Admissions office is your resource through this process. Reach out to us, especially if you cant find the answer from a reputable source. Were honest with you in that this process is competitive, but dont throw away your shot by not even trying! Do your best to ensure your application can give an accurate picture of not just who you are, but who you want to be after SIPA. As always, were wishing you the best of luck, and we look forward to reading your applications. And dont forget to take time for self-care. (New York Therapy Dogs and SIPA Office of Student Affairs teamed up to bring some self-care-in-dog form to SIPA students during finals week this year.)

Checking in as we count down to January 5th COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Checking in as we count down to January 5th COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Theres about 10 days until the January 5th application deadline, and I wanted to check in on how youre doing. Hopefully youve gotten your test scores, transcripts, and letters of recommendation squared away, as well as having the bones of your personal state and short essay together. Not there yet? Definitely follow up with your people again. Sometimes things fall through the crack, especially since we all get busy towards the end of the year. Revisit your essays with fresh eyes, and double-check that you answered the prompt. Take a step back to rethink thinks if youre stuck. Will you be writing an Optional Essay? Its not necessary, just another avenue to address in more detail an aspect of your application. And as you know, the application requires a CV not the standard one-page resume youd use for a job application as well as a quantitative/language resume. If youre still unsure about what to include, read this breakdown here. If youre all the way at the end: Did you write Colombia or Columbia? And remember that the video essay is only available after you submit your application and pay the fee! Youre just two minutes away from the finish line. Remember, if youre really unsure about something, the Admissions office is your resource through this process. Reach out to us, especially if you cant find the answer from a reputable source. Were honest with you in that this process is competitive, but dont throw away your shot by not even trying! Do your best to ensure your application can give an accurate picture of not just who you are, but who you want to be after SIPA. As always, were wishing you the best of luck, and we look forward to reading your applications. And dont forget to take time for self-care. (New York Therapy Dogs and SIPA Office of Student Affairs teamed up to bring some self-care-in-dog form to SIPA students during finals week this year.)

Psychology School of Thought Contextual Influences - 1375 Words

Psychology School of Thought: Contextual Influences (Essay Sample) Content: Psychology School of ThoughtNameInstitutionPsychology School of ThoughtPsychology is one of the disciplines that have many classical theories, and every theory has been very influential in describing a particular phenomenon. Even though some psychologists believe in one school of thought, many psychologists hold on to the eclectic viewpoints where they combine various schools of thoughts viewpoints. In this case, the psychologists come up with one effective theory to use. Despite many differences of the structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis schools of thoughts, the three schools of thoughts largely emphasize on the mental process. Psychoanalytic school of thought is one of the most common school of thought that has been widely used.The psychoanalytic theory is a theory that was introduced by Sigmund Freud. In the 20th century, the theory can be named as one of the most influential. According to a study by DeVita (2011), Freuds theory was developed after an o bservation and an analysis of the data that he extracted from clinical practice. According to Ezhovkina and Ryabova (2015), there are three major people that influenced Freud to come up with this school of thought and they included Anton Mesmer, who was a neurologist. The second person that influenced Freud was Jean Charcot, who was more concerned with the motor disorders treatment and management and Joseph Breuer, who helped Freud to experiment with his patients. Nowadays, the name Sigmund Freud or the psychoanalytic school of thought is in many psychologists mouth. Just like the prior psychologists that included the structuralists and the functionalists, Freud wanted to study the covert behavior. Unlike the past psychologists, Freud was discontented with the conscious thoughts, and he dived into the unconscious. In their work, Aldridge, Kilgo, and Jepkemboi (2014) explain that Freud likened the human psyche with the iceberg. In this case, it is only a small part that is seen, but the larger one is hidden below the surface. Sigmund explained that most of the conscious actions are operated entirely by the unconscious mind. Freud proposed that for a person to understand the individual, they should study the unconscious motives and impulses (Aldridge, Kilgo Jepkemboi, 2014). According to Robinson (2011), another name referred to as the psychoanalytic school is psychoanalytical. The psychoanalytical refers to the human psyche and the way it affects a human unconscious mind.The unconscious mind is a part that a person is not aware. According to Sigmund, there are various techniques that can be used to access the unconscious mind. Some of the techniques used include the dream analysis and the free association. Sigmund describes that the dream allows the psychologists to understand the unconscious mind (Schwaber, 2014). Through his thoughts and explanations, the counseling psychologist, psychologists, psychiatrists among other health professionals have continued t o integrate the thoughts in their treatments. The unconscious mind is the biggest portion of the brain that largely affects the physical personalities that the people have.The personality structure of the psychoanalysis school of thought talks about the three factors of the man mind. The three factors include the id, ego, and superego. According to a study by Ezhovkina Ryabova (2015), the id is the aspect that is driven by the basic internal drives also known as the pleasure principle. These aspects include the hunger, thirst, and libido among others where they seek instant pleasure. The second element that is the ego that balances the id and the superego where it acts in a realistic way. The third element is known as the superego that is the morality principle. This principle encourages the morally acceptable behavior.The psychoanalytic theory has been largely influential in the past and today. There are many theorists that criticize the theory while as there are others that suppo rt the theory fully. Some of the psychoanalytic thinkers that support Freud include Anna Freud, Carl Jung, and Eric Erikson. The major theme that influenced this school of thought is the unconscious. The past theories had explained about the influences of the conscious in the human behavior, but none explained about the effects the unconscious. Sigmund Freud saw the deficit and introduced the theory that explained the effects of the unconscious mind when it came to how people behaved. Through his works, Freud changed how the society viewed the issue of the mental illness. Before the psychoanalysis was invented, people thought that the mental illness was an organic or the deterioration of the brain. After his research, Sigmund rejected the organic explanation (Robinson, 2011).According to the study that was conducted by DeVita (2011), Freud opened new frontiers in understanding the human psychology. Through his work, Sigmund came up with the form of psychotherapy that has been used b y many theorists, modified by a couple of theorists to understand the human unconscious mind. Even if the field of psychology does not have a long history, various schools of thoughts have fought for their dominance. Despite having many psychology schools of thoughts, no thought has dominance in the end. Many of the psychologists have come to embrace the eclectic approach where many aspects of various schools are used instead of sticking to one perspective.In todays world, the Freuds ideas are being used in treating mental illness and the thoughts have explained that talking about problems brings relief. The psychoanalytic school of thought has brought a lasting mark on the way people approach the mental illness. Nowadays, many neuroscientists are largely using the Freuds concepts in laboratory studies. Studies that were conducted by Sousa (2011) indicate that when people are asked about things about psychology, Sigmund Freud is one of the personalities that come into mind.Studies b y DeVita (2011) indicate that the psychoanalytic is so influential today in the field of psychiatry. In the United States, the Freud school of thought is being incorporated in the medical and the academic world. Trebjesanin (2013) explains that the school of thought has received as much criticism as the approval. Many theorists have negated the Freuds thoughts by explaining that they are not testable while may are using the thoughts to help people with mental illness. Some of the major people that have challenged the Freuds theory include Otto Rank in 1920 and Horney in 1930s. According to these critics, the psychoanalytic school of thought relied much on the data ambiguities. Some of the ambiguities that they oppose include the Freuds dreams and free associations ideas. The lack of the empirical evidence on this school of thought makes it weak, and this hinders the standards of treatment.One thing that Robinson notes is that the psychoanalytic theory is not largely used like in th e past. Nowadays, many people are talking about the psychodynamic theory more than the psychoanalytic theory. Even though the school of thought is not largely used nowadays, it is still being felt today. The talk therapy is one of these schools of thought concepts that are largely being used nowadays. Other treatments that relate to the psychoanalytic theory are the client-centered and group therapy. Even though the Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic therapy is no...

First Battle of El Alamein in World War II

The First Battle of El Alamein was fought July 1-27, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945). Having been badly defeated by Axis forces at Gazala in June 1942, the British Eighth Army retreated east into Egypt and assumed a defensive position near El Alamein. Pursued by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, the British constructed an elaborate array of defenses. Commencing attacks on July 1, Axis forces proved unable to break through Eighth Army. Subsequent British counterattacks failed to dislodge the enemy and by late July a stalemate ensued. In the wake of the fighting, command of Eighth Army passed to Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery who would lead it to victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein that fall. Fast Facts: First Battle of El Alamein Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: July 1-27, 1942Armies Commanders:AlliesGeneral Claude Auchinleckapprox. 150,000 menAxisField Marshal Erwin Rommelapprox. 96,000 menCasualties:Axis: approx. 10,000 killed and wounded, 7,000 capturedAllies: approx. 13,250 casualties Background Following its crushing defeat at the Battle of Gazala in June 1942, the British Eighth Army retreated east towards Egypt. Reaching the border, its commander, Lieutenant General Neil Ritchie, elected not to make a stand but to continue falling back to Mersa Matruh approximately 100 miles to the east. Establishing a defensive position based on fortified boxes that were linked by minefields, Ritchie prepared to receive Field Marshal Erwin Rommels approaching forces. On June 25, Ritchie was relieved as the Commander-in-Chief, Middle East Command, General Claude Auchinleck, elected to take personal control Eighth Army. Concerned that the Mersa Matruh line could be outflanked to the south, Auchinleck decided to retreat another 100 miles east to El Alamein. General Claude Auchinleck.   Public Domain Auchinleck Digs In Though it meant conceding additional territory, Auchinleck felt El Alamein presented a stronger position as his left flank could be anchored on the impassible Qattara Depression. The withdrawal to this new line was somewhat disorganized by rearguard actions at Mersa Matruh and Fuka between June 26-28. To hold the territory between the Mediterranean Sea and the depression, Eighth Army constructed three large boxes with the first and strongest centered on El Alamein on the coast. The next was situated 20 miles south at Bab el Qattara, just southwest of Ruweisat Ridge, while the third was located on the edge of the Qattara Depression at Naq Abu Dweis. The distance between the boxes was connected by minefields and barbed wire. Deploying to the new line, Auchinleck placed XXX Corps on the coast while the New Zealand 2nd and Indian 5th Divisions from XIII Corps were deployed inland. To the rear, he held the battered remnants of the 1st and 7th Armoured Divisions in reserve. It was Auchinlecks goal to funnel Axis attacks between the boxes where their flanks could be assaulted by the mobile reserve. Pushing east, Rommel increasingly began to suffer from severe supply shortages. Though the El Alamein position was strong, he hoped that the momentum of his advance would see him reach Alexandria. This view was shared by several in the British rear as many began preparing to defend Alexandria and Cairo as well as readied for a retreat further east. Rommel Strikes Approaching El Alamein, Rommel ordered the German 90th Light, 15th Panzer, and 21st Panzer Divisions to attack between the coast and Deir el Abyad. While the 90th Light was to drive forward before turning north to cut the coast road, the panzers were to swing south into the rear of XIII Corps. In the north, an Italian division was to support the 90th Light by attacking El Alamein, while in the south the Italian XX Corps was to move behind the panzers and eliminate the Qattara box. Rolling forward at 3:00 AM on July 1, the 90th Light advanced too far north and became in entangled in the 1st South African Divisions (XXX Corps) defenses. Their compatriots in the 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions were delayed getting started by a sandstorm and soon came under heavy air attack. Finally advancing, the panzers soon encountered heavy resistance from the 18th Indian Infantry Brigade near Deir el Shein. Mounting a tenacious defense, the Indians held through the day allowing Auchinleck to shift forces to the western end of Ruweisat Ridge. Along the coast, the 90th Light was able to resume their advance but was stopped by South African artillery and forced to halt. On July 2, the 90th Light attempted to renew their advance but to no avail. In an effort to cut the coast road, Rommel directed the panzers to attack east towards Ruweisat Ridge before turning north. Supported by the Desert Air Force, ad hoc British formations succeeded in holding the ridge despite strong German efforts. The next two days saw German and Italian troops unsuccessfully continue their offensive while also turning back a counterattack by the New Zealanders. July 12, 1942 - 25-pounder guns of the 2/8th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery, in action on the coastal sector near El Alamein, Egypt.   Public Domain Auchinleck Hits Back With his men exhausted and his panzer strength badly depleted, Rommel elected to end his offensive. Pausing, he hoped to reinforce and resupply before attacking again. Across the lines, Auchinlecks command was bolstered by the arrival of the 9th Australian Division and two Indian Infantry Brigades. Seeking to take the initiative, Auchinleck directed XXX Corps commander Lieutenant General William Ramsden to strike west against Tel el Eisa and Tel el Makh Khad using the 9th Australian and 1st South African Divisions respectively. Supported by British armor, both divisions made their attacks on July 10. In two days of fighting, they succeeded in capturing their objectives and turned back numerous German counterattacks through July 16. With Germans forces pulled north, Auchinleck commenced Operation Bacon on July 14. This saw the New Zealanders and Indian 5th Infantry Brigade strike the Italian Pavia and Brescia Divisions at Ruweisat Ridge. Attacking, they made gains on the ridge in three days of fighting and turned back substantial counterattacks from elements of the 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions. As fighting began to quiet, Auchinleck directed the Australians and the 44th Royal Tank Regiment to attack Miteirya Ridge in the north to relieve pressure on Ruweisat. Striking early on July 17, they inflicted heavy losses on the Italian Trento and Trieste Divisions before being forced back by German armor. Final Efforts Utilizing his short supply lines, Auchinleck was able to build a 2-to-1 advantage in armor. Seeking to utilize this advantage, he planned to renew the fighting at Ruweisat on July 21. While Indian forces were to attack west along the ridge, the New Zealanders were to strike towards the El Mreir depression. Their combined effort was to open a gap through which the 2nd and 23rd Armoured Brigades could strike. Advancing to El Mreir, the New Zealanders were left exposed when their tank support failed to arrive. Counterattacked by German armor, they were overrun. The Indians fared somewhat better in that they captured the western end of the ridge but were unable to take Deir el Shein. Elsewhere, the 23rd Armoured Brigade took heavy losses after becoming mired in a minefield. To the north, the Australians renewed their efforts around Tel el Eisa and Tel el Makh Khad on July 22. Both objectives fell in heavy fighting. Eager to destroy Rommel, Auchinleck conceived Operation Manhood which called for additional attacks in the north. Reinforcing XXX Corps, he intended for it to break through at Miteirya before proceeding to Deir el Dhib and El Wishka with the goal of cutting Rommels supply lines. Moving forward on the night of July 26/27, the complex plan, which called for opening several routes through minefields, quickly began to fall apart. Though some gains were made, they were quickly lost to German counterattacks. Aftermath Having failed to destroy Rommel, Auchinleck ended offensive operations on July 31 and began digging in and fortifying his position against an expected Axis assault. Though a stalemate, Auchinleck had won an important strategic victory in halting Rommels advance east. Despite his efforts, he was relieved in August and replaced as Commander-in-Chief, Middle East Command by General Sir Harold Alexander. General Sir Harold Alexander. Public Domain   Command of Eighth Army ultimately passed to Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery. Attacking in late August, Rommel was repulsed at the Battle of Alam Halfa. With his forces spent, he switched to the defensive. After building Eighth Armys strength, Montgomery commenced the Second Battle of El Alamein in late October. Shattering Rommels lines, he sent Axis forced reeling west.

Pygmalion Essay - 1651 Words

Pygmalion An interpretation of Class Relations in Pygmalion In Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion, there is a distinct variance in class relations and the way that early 20th century Britains were perceived as being different by their speech, money, wealth, style, manners, and appearance. Being a lady or a gentleman was an acquired status desirable among most of London’s society. However, in Pygmalion, Shaw tells a story about the transition of a homeless young woman with the aspiration to become a respected lady. Eliza Doolittle is an 18 or 19 year-old young women, making a living from selling old flowers on the streets. When she comes across a rude Professor, named Henry Higgins, he sarcastically offers her to â€Å"learn how to speak†¦show more content†¦Another example is when Eliza goes to get in the taxi and the driver is trying to keep her out, assuming that she has no money to pay for the ride. When Higgins meets Eliza, he comes across as very rude, saying: â€Å"Woman; cease the detestable boohooing instantly; or else seek the shelter of some other place of worship†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere – no right to live†¦. this creature with her kerbstone English: the English that will keep her in the gutter till the end of her days†¦Well sir, in three months I could pass that girl off as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party†¦..† He then goes on to call her names like â€Å"squashed cabbage leaf† ; â€Å"disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns† and an â€Å"incarnate insult to the English language†. With obviously no respect for the poor girl, he would say anything that he wants to her, with no spare to her feelings at all. An example related to this scenario can be compared to â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, by Peggy McIntosh. In this article, she describes how gender, race and sexual preference are a problem in America. In this case, however, it is more a subcultural problem, but it is related to the way classes differ. She discusses how white people, males particularly, have â€Å"skin color that was an asset for any move one was educatedShow MoreRelatedPygmalion Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesA text may promote obvious distinction between the authorial voice and characters viewpoint. This can be seen in the play of Pygmalion in by George Bernard shaw and the film Pleasantville directed by Gary Ross. Both of these texts show distinctive voices through dialogue the use of dialogue which highlights the relationships and differences between characters. Pygmalion is a play in five acts. It is about a young woman named Eliza Doolittle who sells flowers on the side of the street. She is veryRead MoreWilliam Shaw s Pygmalion On The Myth Of Pygmalion And Galatea1236 Words   |  5 PagesAt the end of Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion, Eliza finds herself as a new and empowered woman. Women in the 20th century are looked down upon. This is what happened to Eliza Doolittle. When Eliza meets a man named Higgins, he makes assumptions about her intelligence based on her speech. Higgins is wrong and fails to see that Eliza is one of the most intelligent characters in the play. Eliza’s ability to pick up speech and learn is high which is unusual for a woman of her social standing. In some casesRead MoreG. B. Shaws Pygmalion2306 Words   |  10 PagesLike all of Shaws great dramatic creations, Pygmalion is a richly complex play. It combines a central story of the transformation of a young woman with elements of myth, fairy tale, and ro mance, while also combining an interesting plot with an exploration of social identity, the power of science, relations between men and women, and other issues. Pygmalion is one of Shaws most popular plays as well as one of his most straightforward ones. The form has none of the complexity that we find in HeartbreakRead MorePygmalion And My Fair Lady1449 Words   |  6 PagesAmanda Franks Professor Egenolf Response Paper 2 11/11/2015 Pygmalion and My Fair Lady: A Comparison George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion (1916) and the 1964 American film My Fair Lady, based on Shaw’s play, are largely similar in plot and character choice; My Fair Lady being an adaptation of Pygmalion. Shaw’s Pygmalion is based on the Greek myth of Pygmalion and his statue Galatea. The film interpretation is similar to the play in many aspects, though it is different in that, because itRead MoreThe Controversial Ending of Pygmalion Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesThe Controversial Ending of Shaw’s Pygmalion George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion is a play that has become a classic in today’s world. It is a retelling of an ancient story, of the same name, by the Roman poet, Ovid, in which a sculptor falls in love with a statue he carved. In Shaw’s story, Henry Higgins, an expert in phonetics, happens upon a poor flower girl with awful English and street manners named Eliza Doolittle. Throughout the course of the play Higgins transforms her into an elegant independentRead More Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesPygmalion by Bernard Shaw The word benefit is defined as; a favourable or helpful factor or circumstance. Many benefits are not immediately recognised, as they can be the result of something bad. In the play Pygmalion, by Bernard Shaw, Liza gains many benefits, but also disadvantages from her relationship with Higgins. Looking at benefits, she receives some beautiful clothes; Im to have fashionable clothes (p. 63), a good place to stay and financial ease. She meets other friendsRead MoreThe Themes of Pygmalion, by Bernard Shaw Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesThe play, Pygmalion, by Bernard Shaw is about a phonetics expert who makes a bet that he can pass a Cockney flower girl as a duchess in the matter of a few months. This girl, Eliza does achieve the transformation, but at the expense of a familiar life in the gutters, and risks being caste off into the world with nowhere to turn. This play explores many themes, has extensive use of symbolism, interesting tonality, irony, and the play itself is an allusion to ancient Greek mythology. The majorRead More The Character of Henry Higgins in Pygmalion Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pages Shaw has often been criticized for his inability to create well- developed round characters. His characters are usually seen as mere puppets propelled by the crisis of the plot or as mouthpieces for his socialist viewpoint. However in Pygmalion,, Shaw vindicates himself of these charges by the creation of rounded and life-like characters such as Higgins and Eliza. Clearly they are not authorial stooges. They have a peculiar quality that leaves a lasting imprint on the readers memory. But thereRead More Pygmalion My Fair Lady Essay652 Words   |  3 Pages Pygmalion amp; My Fair Lady nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The play Pygmalion and My Fair Lady, the musical, are the same story. The only major difference between the two, is that My Fair Lady has songs added to the dialogue. I believe the musical version is more enjoyable because the music adds more feeling to the story. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The opening scene is after an opera. The higher class people spill out into the streets. It is here that Eliza is selling her flowers. Eliza isRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Pygmalion `` By George Bernard Shaw1545 Words   |  7 PagesIn Pygmalion, George Bernard Shaw illustrates an everlasting tale of a women trapped in a world dominated and controlled by men. By using the crucial themes of class, language, and independence Shaw reveals the overall meaning of his work: how a man’s dream to turn an impoverish women into a sophisticated duchess only succeeds in pushing her further away, how the love he had for her was of his own creation, and how his heart of stone could not be sated by a statue that was nothing more than rock

Social Bond And Social Learning Theory - 1570 Words

Trying to understand why crime happens if a very important concept. Throughout history, criminologist have debated on which theory of crime is most accurate. Currently, social bond and social learning theory are two of the leading theories in the criminological world. Between these two theories there are a variety of differences and similarities. In addition to these theories Gottfredson and Hirschi have published a book where they use the concept of self control to describe crime. Analyzing these three theories can be important to understanding the current criminological world. Social bond theory shows an interesting way to look at the social problems, such as crime, that surround the world we live in. The theory primarily focuses on the peers and peer groups of individuals. The four basic elements that the theory focus on are attachment, commitment, involvement in activities including both criminal and noncriminal, and also the the common values that are giving to an individuals groups and subgroups. The element of attachment can be described as the values or the norms that someone has in their society. Attachment is most important with the figures that have a strong influence over a person s life such as parental figures. Friends at school can also be important people related to attachment. Commitment is different than attachment in that it focuses on how much a person is committed to abiding by legal behavior. As a child we are hopefully taught was is the right thingShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Ecstasy Use : A Test Of Social Bonds And Social Learning Theo ry Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagescritique and review in this paper is called â€Å"Adolescent Ecstasy Use: A Test of Social Bonds and Social Learning Theory† and it was published by an associate professor, Jason A. Ford, and a professor, Laurent B. Ford in the department of sociology in University of Central Florida in 2014. It is a research paper that focuses of the relationship between two social theories, social control theory and social learning theory, and ecstasy usage among adolescents. The theoretical perspective that this studyRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Cause Juvenile Delinquency1156 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse and Neglect cause Juvenile Delinquency Strain theory describes the idea that there are certain events and conditions in an individual’s life that are disliked and involve the inability to achieve goals, loss of positively valued stimuli, and presentation of negative stimuli (Brezina and Agnew). Child neglect and abuse can be described by this theory, and often is, because of its elements and the effect it has on children. Before the idea of child abuse and neglect causing juvenile delinquencyRead MoreThe Children Of Prison Inmates Ending Up Within A Penitentiary Prison1612 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing over all of the social factors that go on through the family as well as the community and how much of an emotional toll is actually put fourth on to the children of these inmates. Another very big concern I will be going over is that if these children do end up turning to crime, what percentage of children with parents in jail actually turn to it and do their parents ever encourage or try to discourage crime through t heir children. Some of the criminological theories that I will be discussingRead MoreEssay on Social Control Theory vs. Social Learning Theory1979 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Control Theory vs. Social Learning Theory Abstract Social control theory and social learning theory are two theories that suggest why deviant behavior is chosen to be acted upon by some individuals and not others. Both take a different stance on the issue. Social control theory suggests people’s behavior is based on their bonds to society, if they have strong bonds to society they conform and if not they have a tendency to act out or become involved in criminalRead MoreHow Development Is The Methodical Changes And Continuities Within The Individual That Occur Between Conception And Death1470 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment is the methodical changes and continuities in an individual that occur between conception and death (Sigelman, Rider De George-Walker, 2013). There are seven domains of development: physical/biological, psychosocial, cognitive/learning, social, emotional, behavioural and moral/spiritual (AIHW, 2011). Development of these domains occurs in stages, where each stage gives rise to behaviour that is suitable f or that stage (Schmidt Neven, 2010). These foreseeable changes are known as milestonesRead MoreThe Tattoo By Chris Mckinney Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence, urban gangs, and drugs. In this essay, I will argue that one can learn criminal and violent behaviour by those who they hold close interpersonal relationships with, for example, family and friends. In saying that, I will be using the social learning theory looking in particular at Edwin Sutherland and his notion of differential association and Akers concept of differential reinforcement to explore the relationship between Ken Hideyoshi and Koa Puana. In The Tattoo, we were introduced to KoaRead MorePrimary And Secondary Circular Reactions1665 Words   |  7 Pageslaugh so much, but then it just makes me realize that I had a mind of my own, and I did not see from any other perspectives. I just wanted to have fun, and I did not really worry about anything else, which leads me to Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. The Social Learning Theory essentially states that children learn behavior by observing the people around them in numerous ways (McLeod, 2011). Because I have an older brother, and I was around him a lot, I learned many of my behaviors from just watchingRead MoreRobert Sears, A Renowned American Psychologist1459 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued with his professional writing whenever his health permitted. Robert Sears died in his home in Menlo Park, New York on May 22nd, 1989. (Hilgard) Robert Sears took a social approach to learning. He was heavily influenced by Clark Hull, one of his professors at Yale University who worked on basic building blocks of learning by using stimulus-response links. Hull hypothesized variables that intervene between the stimulus and the response and how that affects behavior. Sears took these variablesRead MoreSocial Control Theory And Social Learning Theory2007 Words   |  9 Pagesor bad, but we really don’t know why we make those choices. There is a point in life when you choose to be deviant. Social control theory and social learning theory suggest what makes us do the deviant behavior and what makes it different from one person to another. They both have to do with the world around us, but have different views on how you portray yourself from that. Social control is how you interact with society, and it suggest that if you are close to society you will have good behaviorRead MoreIb Psychology Sociocultural Notes3875 Words   |  16 Pagesgroup members may vary widely from one another. †¢ Characteristics: †¢ social-cognitive theories: †¢ our social world is very complex and presents us with too much information †¢ since our capacity to process information is limited, there is a need to simplify our social way †¢ one of the way to avoid information overload is social categorization †¢ these are stereotypes †¢ Stereotypes simplify information processing in social perception †¢ stereotypes are schemas as they: are energy-saving devices

Consumer Behavior of Micromax - 5048 Words

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Origin of the Report This report is prepared with the respect to course of Consumer Behavior. We are assigned to prepare a term paper by our honorable course instructor Mr. Farhan Faruqui. Our task is to make a survey on Micromax mobile and complete a study that covers all important factors of consumer behavior. 1.2 Objective of Study * To apply our knowledge that we have gathered from Consumer behavior course into the report * To provide the overview of Micromax mobile * To measure the business value of Micromax mobile * To give possible recommendation for Micromax mobile 1.3 Scope of the report This report is created on the basis of what people think about Micromax mobile. For this we†¦show more content†¦Micromax also sells data cards to service providers in India. On July 28, 2011, Micromax has withdrawn its 4.66 billion rupees (about $106 million) initial public offering (IPO) due to volatile market conditions. The withdrawal was recommended by its board to allow therefore company to focus on new product launches and product development. Currently Micromax has released 5 Android Smartphone devices in the market. Company is supposed to release kernel source for their Android Smartphone as Android uses Linux kernel which is covered under GPL (General Public License). But company has not released the kernel source code for any of their Android devices till date and is believed to violate the terms of GPL. Users of Micromax Android Series phone e.g. A60, A70, A73, A75 amp; A85 are continuously asking the company to release kernel source code. Micromax has denied to release kernel source code and no reason has been provided yet for such denial. 2.3 Company Profile Basic Information | Company Name: | Micromax Informatics Ltd | | Business Type: | Manufacturer | | Product/Service (We Sell): | Fixed Wireless Phone, Mobile Phones, HSPA Modems, EDGE Modems | | Brands: | Micromax | | Number of Employees: | 101 - 200 People | Trade amp; Market | Main Markets: | Southeast Asia Mid East | | Main Customers: | Telecom Operators | | Total Annual SalesShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy of Micromax1658 Words   |  7 PagesMARKETING STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT OF MICROMAX CANVAS 2 A110 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg 1 2. Key features and product pricing amp; situation analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg 2 3. Environmental analysis consumer behavior in Indian market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Pg 3 4. Porter`s 5 force model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pg 4 5. Integrated Marketing Communication tools†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg 5-6 6. Identified problems and alternative solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Pg 7 7. Conclusions and findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ PgRead MoreMicromax Market Analysis10043 Words   |  41 PagesMARKETING MANAGEMENT PROJECT REPORT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KASHIPUR A Study on Marketing Strategy of Micromax and Future Challenges Group 2 Akshay Aggarwal Ashok Kumar Mayank Singh Saurabh Bhise Mohit Sharma Submitted on: 21st Dec’ 2012 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KASHIPUR Acknowledgement Apart from the efforts made by the team, the success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitudeRead MoreMicromax Marketing Strategy8630 Words   |  35 Pages[pic] Marketing Project BM 2010-2012 Group 9 Product – Micromax Mobile CONTENTS a. Objectives i. Corporate Objective.........................................................................................3 ii. 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The company operates in three divisions: Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions, and Networks. The Multimedia division focuses on bringing connected mobile multimedia to consumers in the form of advanced mobile devices, including 3G WCDMA mobile devices and solutions. The Enterprise Solutions division enables businesses and institutions to extend their use of mobility from mobile devices for voice and basic data to secureRead MoreMarketing Activities, Tools And Strategies1350 Words   |  6 Pagesmarketing information system (MIM) is thus critical to better understand the needs of customers which is a key aspect of marketing. Partnership with Cyanogen was another strategy of using product differentiation. Instead of using stock android,consumers had even more anticipation of using a more customizable operating system. The recent development of Oxygen OS in the new line up has maintained its uniqueness in terms of user experience. 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Abstract: Television is an integral part of our life and the advertisements on it play vital role in changing behavior of consumer through different techniques and patters used in it to persuade the consumers. The youth spent more time in watching television and they are deployed by the ads and satisfied too with the promise the advertisements are making with them. In this studyRead MoreOverseas Student Smartphone Brand Preference2708 Words   |  11 Pagesare various reasons which affects consumers decision towards purchasing a particular brand of Smartphone. Quality, brand loyalty, price, are some of them. Also social impact such as family, status, role and personal factors like age, lifestyle, self-image, occupation, influence on the costumers decision as well. In e few years several research have been done with aimed to discovered about smartphones brand preferences, factors influencing on the consumers decision when purchasing it, and otherRead MoreResearch Report on Consumer Prefrence Towards Mobile Handsets6692 Words   |  27 PagesStudy of Consumer Buying Behavior regarding the different Brands of Mobile Handsets (Research Project Report) Submitted to:- University of Pune In Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master in Marketing Management (2009-11) Under the supervision of:- Submitted by:- Mr. Ajit Borde Prashant Singh

I Want a Wife a Wife or a Servant Free Essays

Many wives sometimes feel unappreciated, neglected, and often used; which sometimes may lead to speaking out loud for themselves. This was the case with a woman in the 70s named Judy Brady. In 1971, Judy Brady’s essay â€Å"I Want a Wife† was in the first edition of Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on I Want a Wife: a Wife or a Servant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Magazine; which targeted the inequality that was promised to women at this time. Being as the 70s was a time when women constantly struggled for equality and rights, Brady has some very interesting views on the term â€Å"wife.† Brady begins her thought process after hearing from a male friend who has recently become divorced. With him being single, and looking for a new wife; it occurred to Brady that she too wanted a wife of her own. Brady states throughout her essay reasons why she would want a wife, making them very bold and easily understood. â€Å"I want a wife to take care of my physical needs.†(525) and â€Å"I want a wife who will keep my clothes cleaned, ironed, and mended†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (525) are just a couple of reasons Brady gives for wanting a wife. Women in the 70s were often looked at as almost subhuman, making them stand up and speak for themselves. Brady clearly does not want a wife of her own, but is merely trying to make a bold statement to readers of this magazine. In doing so, she is trying to help the reader understand how hard a wife works and how easily they are taken for granted. Brady makes her voice heard by using a satirical form of writing, and by doing this; she makes a very good point. Many men in the early 20th century viewed women as a pedestal by which they relied on for their everyday needs. The sarcasm of the essay shows the reader how a wife feels about how she is treated. Brady states in her closing sentence, â€Å"My god who wouldn’t want a wife?†(525), which basically states that wives are unappreciated and over worked in many ways. Brady’s essay is one that could have both good and bad reactions from its readers. Brady goes on in her essay as if she wants a wife to pick up the duties of her everyday life so that she may pursue her dreams. Many women of the 70s were beginning to take a stand on women’s rights, so this particular audience would have agreed with Brady. Statements such as â€Å"I want a wife who will take care of the details of my social life. When my wife and I are invited out by my friends, I want a wife who will take care of the babysitting arrangements.†(525), sounds very appealing to the women of this time. On the opposite end, many wives could be offended by Brady’s essay. Some wives of the 70s enjoyed the life of a housewife. People that were raised in the early 20th century were always taught that the women took care of the family’s needs, which included the husband. Although this was a shrinking percentage of women, they still must be considered within the reading audience. By making her voice heard, Brady makes a clear point that she is tired of being over-worked and unappreciated. Most anyone could easily agree that wives in early 20th century America were completely unappreciated, and often used; while others could also disagree, as they enjoy staying at home and slaving over everyday chores. Overall, Brady’s essay was well-written, and the point was made clear enough so that all Americans would know that some housewives just can’t be silent any longer. How to cite I Want a Wife: a Wife or a Servant, Essay examples

Negotiation Strategies Level of Complexity and Issues

Question: Discuss about the Negotiation Strategies for Level of Complexity and Issues. Answer: Introduction to the Topic There are wide range of conflicts exist in daily life adding up to the tensions among the individuals and commercial sectors. Hence, it is better to raise a suitable discussion for clarifying the relevant factors supporting the achievement of possible alternatives to reduce the negative implications. With such an aim, the following portion will be dealt with taking a suitable article and analysing that to develop the argument. Topic Two: Wood, T. (2016). Negotiating Strategies Should Fit Your Situation Depending on the context, the best negotiation strategy or style is adopted. Different experts around the world initially study and analyse the relevant situation, in the beginning, to come up with the techniques for achieving the predetermined goal. The selection of the article is done by considering its importance by analysing and demonstrating the negotiation strategies adopted by four recent United States presidents by understanding their corresponding situations. Based on the adjustment to such situation, the particular style and strategy are embraced for achieving the success. Before the analysis of the examples, it must need to propose that the president of the United States is not only known as the commander-in-chief, but also he is responsible for the chief level of negotiation. The president is often needed to make a strategic decision in order to shape up his approaches for negotiating with different satiations from forging an agreement with the foreign power to breaking a deal with the opposition party. With the help of analysis of these particular situations, the proper knowledge related to negotiation strategies can be acknowledged. Considering the example of the negotiation strategies followed by President Barrack Obama, he initially adopted a collaborative approach to reducing the debt level associated with the economy and ensuring different reformations in the healthcare system of the country. However, it is observed that the particular style of negotiation weakened by the low level of collaboration from the opposition party. In this particular scenario, a series of budget crisis can be observed in 2010-11, which leads to the abandonment of such negotiation approach, as the president switched to the competitive approach for dealing with the situations like employment issues and taxation policy challenges. Though the president remained the popular public figure around the world, it is observed that the poll ratings related to his performance had suffered probably by the failure to his earlier negotiation approach. In the case of George W. Bush (2001 2009), the president embraced a competitive approach from the beginning in order to deal with the terrorist attacks of 9/11 incident. With the help of such approach, the president had developed policies from both international and domestic perspectives without seeking much input from his counterparts. The re-election of the president in 2004 suggested that the negotiation strategy adopted by Bush was highly endorsed by the American citizens from the perspective of foreign affairs and national security. The second terms of his period demanded the need of collaborative approach caused by the incidents related to Hurricane Katrina and the financial crisis of 2008 alongside the issues faced by the county related to the illegal immigration. The combination of these particular factors led the end of Bushs presidency. Considering the case of Ronald Reagan (1981 1989), the president understood right from the beginning that the prolonged negotiation requires the adoption of different strategies for different situations. In the first terms of his presidency, he adopted the competitive approach as the negotiation strategy to form the massive military build-up for dealing with the Cold War with between America and the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, from the domestic perspective, Reagan implemented a collaborative approach for forging collaborations with the conservative Democrats for dealing with the spending cuts. Based on such negotiation strategy, the president was able to ensure the substantial tax code reforms in the second presidential term of his tenure. From the instance of Jimmy Carter (1977 1981), it is observed that the president put apriority on the avoidance approach exemplified by the overly passive response to the Iranian hostage crisis. On the other hand, the USs boycott of Summer Olympic 1980 in Moscow due to the invasion of Soviet Union in Afghanistan can be critically observed during the time. Due to the employment of such negotiation approach, he suffered the lack of public support, denying him the second terms in the presidential election. In line with the overall understanding developed, useful information can be further achieved by the analysis of an article named Negotiation Strategy: Seven Common Pitfalls to Avoid produced by Barbara Buell (2007). The significant output of the article is based on avoiding the common pitfalls is necessary in order to involve in the negotiation process for the firm or the individual position. The development of a proper negotiation strategy is highly influenced by the successful bargaining capacity of the responsible individuals. The success of bargaining depends on finding positivity of every possible circumstance. In this particular scenario, it is also necessary to consider some of the common pitfalls providing a hindrance to the successful delivery of the negotiation strategy. Poor planning is one of such identified drawbacks, where the successful negotiators are critically required to make detailed plans by knowing their priorities and agreement. Failure to know such factors wil l affect the own agenda of the negotiator to provide negative influences on the planning process. Apart from that, ineffective thinking capacity also poses a major threat in preparing the right negotiation strategy. For an example, the employer should need to think rationally before providing a promotion or transfer notice to an employee. The employer should need to consider critically on how such decision will affect the rest of the employees within the workforce. Therefore, different types of alternatives and proper clarifications must need to be prepared by the employer in order sustain a decision made by him over a particular scenario. Thirdly, another significant pitfall causing difficulty to the negotiation process strategy is the failure to pay proper attention to the opponent, as the negotiators should need to analyse different kind of biases the opponents are capable of to bring to the table. Conclusion Though the negotiation strategies for an entity or an individual may not match to the presidential level of complexity and issues, it is crucial to adopt and employ a best fitting negotiation strategy based on the situation for achieving the success. References Wood, T. (2016). Negotiating Strategies Should Fit Your Situation | WatershedAssociates.com. Watershedassociates.com. Retrieved 10 March 2016, from https://www.watershedassociates.com/negotiationblog/negotiating-strategies-should-fit-your-situation

Financial Markets and Institutes Business Incorporation

Question: Discuss about the Financial Markets and Institutes for Business Incorporation. Answer: Introduction Before investing into the business, it is always desirable to analyze top down and bottom-up approaches. The top down analysis helps to assess big picture related to the business, incorporating the finer details such as micro-economic factors, industrial trends and so on (Vyatkina et al. 2016). On the other hand, the bottom up analysis is beneficial for assessing a stock based on the attributes of the company individually (Guerrero et al. 2015). The firms performance, thus, can be measured by addressing the accounting ratios by the approach of a bottom-up analysis. The objective of this report is to understand the overall economic environment for taking decision about the future performances of the company. The aim of the conventional analysis is to identify factors that are likely to influence the course of changes of a company corresponding with its share prices. The report will incorporate macro and micro information of two companies considering the same industrial background. The ASX listed two companies are Coles and Woolworths. Both companies are operating under the retail framework. In this assignment, the research will find the economic as well as the financial details for forecasting the future conditions of both the companies. In the first section, the researcher will conduct Top Down Analysis to understand the changes in economic fundamentals. On the other hand, the financial performances of companies will be analyzed with the help of fundamental accounting ratios by conducting the bottom up analysis. Background of the Industry: Retailers are intermediaries between consumers and producers (Uechi et al. 2015). Their effective and efficient market operations ensure highest consumer access to the greatest choice of the goods at the best prices considering the changing preferences. This retail industry is one of the major service industries of Australia. This provides Australian to buy goods at the most convenient location ensuring the best price with the matching of the appropriateness to their needs. The retail industry is one of the largest employers of Australia. There are almost 140000 retail businesses associated with this industry along with the participation about 1.2 million people or 10.7 per cent of the total working populations of the nation. The mission statement of Coles is to make the best retailer in every market the company operates. Thus the retail supermarket is continued to serve better. On the other hand, Woolworths stated aim to be attract the large community and being recognized as the best loved retailer for home, family leisure and kids. Top-down analysis The steady consumer consumptions of the retail business of Australia have largely contributed in the nations GDP growth rate (Goodman, Neamtiu and Zhang 2013). In 2015, the GDP of the nation has been grew by 1 percent which can be considered one of the strongest economic expansion since the June quarter 2012. Presently, the annual growth of the GDP has been reaching an all time high of 4.40 percent Fornelli et al. 2013) This has been identified that the Australian economy is dominated by its service sector, yet the economic growth is comprehensively depends on the Australians mineral resources and agriculture. In the developed economic condition, the expenditure has been increased by 1.9 percent. Needless to say, the growing contribution of the service industry refers the extended growth of the GDP by 1.1 percent in March quarter of 2016. Major industrialists of Australia anticipates that the economic condition would remain resilient and stable across the world in terms of market cap italization and the growth of the Australian dollar in the international market. Currently, retailing in Australia experienced positive growth in 2015. The positive wealth influence supports a strong housing market with the low interest rates (Guerrero et al. 2015). Furthermore, a strong credit growth encouraged consumers to spend more in their daily lives. On the other hand, much of retailing in Australia is changing in response to the growing competition arising from the popularity of online shopping. However, the Australian retail industry has previously struggled with unstable consumer sentiment and the delicate economic growth due to the volatile Australian financial market conditions. Now the industry inspired with the higher household savings ratio. The key performance industry indicators are the increasing competition, the mature nature of the consumer goods and the associated costs pressures. Though it is already mentioned that the majority of the country people of Australia are employed in this industry, the retail section of the business, thus, makes a significant contribution to economic output of the nation. The current retail turnover of the country is 25040.2 $m as on June 2016. (Source: Bierman Jr and Smidt 2012) The economic trend estimates .1 percent growth in July 2016. It is interesting fact that the industry follows a rise of .1 percent in the month of June 2016 and simultaneously the month of May, 2016. In addition, most of the sub-division of the retail industry has positively contributed and rose in trend terms in July 2016. For instances, sub-divisions of the industry ensure steady growth in trend terms in July 2016: retailing of foods (.1%), clothing and accessories (.6%), caf, take away food services (.5%), departmental services (.2%) and so on. In the last hierarchy of the Top down, the discussion will cover both company-specific. Woolworths has positively influence the retail supply chain, and made it more sustainable and reduce carbon footprints. In the sustainability strategy 2007-2015, Woolworths concentrated five key areas and improved the sustainability and reduce its impact on the environment (Woolworths Online 2016). The core environmental factors of Woolworths are carbon emission and climate change, waste and recycling, local sourcing, packaging, and water mechanism. Based on the projected growth level by experts, the company has achieved a landmark with the reduction of carbon emissions from their departmental stores by 40 percent in 2015 (Lee et al. 2016). The company has implemented innovation for their stores in the areas of light and air conditioning, refrigeration which certainly enhanced the end-delivery retail services of the company. Currently, the company has achieved 25 percent reduction in carbon emissi on per square metre for their new supermarkets (Coles.com 2016). The company has made an effort in terms of additional packaging to protect materials during transportations. On the other hand, Coles, has largely contributed in the success of home growers by incorporating into their supply chain process. Currently 96 percent fresh produce sold at Coles which are home growing products. Furthermore, this company provides frozen vegetables from Tasmania and contributed in over $37 million to the economy of Tasmania. Thus the company is the equal contributor both in the economic sector of Australia and other part of the country. Bottom-down Analysis With the bottom down analysis, firms can assess the financial environment of the firm (Bartram and Grinblatt 2015). In the broader sense, the researcher can evaluate by estimating potential sales in order to determine the net sales figure. In other words, the researcher can compare their products with the help of the present sales that can be curve out. To measure the firms performance, the ratios have been evaluated. The ratios can be evaluated by the different perspectives such as liquidity, efficiency, solvency, profitability and many others. In this analysis, the researcher discusses the three perspectives. The liquidity is all about the companys ability to meet its short term obligation. As per the calculation suggests, the current ratio of Woolworths is lower than one. It signifies that Woolworths is struggling a bit and concerned about the short-term liabilities which needs to mitigate with the help of the short term assets of the company (Woolworths Online 2016). This ratio greater than or equal to one assumes that the company will be able to satisfy near term obligations. Based on the last five years liquid figures of Woolworths, it has been evaluated that the company never achieved it liquidity figure more than one year. In a nutshell this can be said that Woolworths is currently facing issues related to the liquidity. In addition, the working capital of the company is also showing negat ive balance over the last five years. On the other hand, Coles, the retail section of Wesfarmers has represented their financial position in their group annual report, It has been ascertained that this company is holding far better liquid position compare to Woolworths. However, the current ratio is lower compare to the previous year. However, Coles has enough working capital to manage the short-term obligations of the company (Coles.com 2016). Furthermore, the quick ratio is the also healthy over the last five years. This ratio is always desirable if it is higher. The higher quick ratio means Coles will be ride out any future uncertainties related to their retail operation. The entire financial market depends on the financial performances of the firm. With the help of the financial ratio, the researcher can understand the profitability factor of the chosen business. The total revenue of Woolworths has been increasing over the years. The current net revenue has been AU$60868 at the end of 2015 (Woolworths Online 2016). The gross profit of the company is also increasing over the years. The gross profit margin, thus, is healthy. However, Woolworths was failed to sustain the figure till the end of the fiscal year and hence, Woolworth has not shown the same growth in order to realization of the net income. Furthermore, this has been investigated that the operating expenses of the company has been accelerated over the years. In the year of 2011, Woolworths invested AU$11348 to ensure the smooth retail operation. This figure has been increased by AU$14271 in 2015. This signifies that the company needs to control their operational expenses in the future years. This will also improve the net income figure in the next financial year. Generally, investors are interested in the dividend payout ratio because it indicates the companys ability to give returns to their investors against paying out a reasonable portion of net income. Conversely, the total revenue of Wesfarmers has been positively increased over the last five years. The gross profit margin is also stable as well as the net profit. The dividend payment ratio has also been accelerated. The parent group of Coles has given more dividends in the year of 2015 compare to the previous month. The improved profitability is largely responsible for reduced operating expenses of the company. This is the reason the operating margin of the company is lower compare to the Woolworths. The efficiency ratio is normally used to analyze the behavior of assets and liabilities internally (Breyer et al. 2013). It gives the clear idea about the turnover of receivables, the usage and volume of equity, the measurement of the repayment of liabilities and so on. Thus, the report incorporated this ratio to analyze the commercial performance of the company. The current inventory ratio of Woolworth is 9.27 which indicate the companys effectiveness for managing the inventory for a period which needs to compare with the costs of goods sold. This ratio is significant because the total turnover depends on two main components of performance. The initial segment is the purchasing of stock and the second one is sales. Woolworthss costs of goods sold has certainly been increased with the enough exposure of their retail volume, however, it is positive that the net sales is also increasing. It is indeed a fact that the new sales volume is obstructed for the less adequate liquid position of the company. The assets turnover ratio, on the other hand, shows the efficiency which can be utilized for the generation of sale from its assets by comparing the total sales with the assets (average) of the company. The assets turnover ratio of Woolworths is stable. This indicates that the company is efficiently generating sales by utilizing the assets of the co mpany. On the contrary, the efficiency ratios of Coles tales the different story compare to Woolworths. The inventory ratio of the company is reducing which signifies that the company can manage their inventory and successfully converted it to their net sales (Coles.com 2016). It is also positive that the company is positively uphold the sales figure and accelerated with each year. Compare to both companys financial performance with the financial ratios, this can be evaluated the Woolworths is concerned with liquid position of the company whereas Coles is positively maintained stable liquid condition over the last five years and helps to mitigate the short-term obligation of the company. On the other hand, the profitability position of Wesfarmers is better compare to the other selected retail giant of Australia. Here Woolworth is more concerned about increased operating expenses in each year of financials. Lastly, Woolworths is far behind than Coles in terms of the efficiency ratios. The assets turnover ratio of Coles is much higher than the Woolworths. Summary and Recommendations As per the trading analysts assumptions, the retail sales in Australia are expected to be 1.86 percent by the end of 2016. In the long term, the Australia retail sales are projected around 3.60 in the next four years. The growing online retail trend has become popular day by day which increases a lot of retailing opportunities. On the other hand, the physical distribution of consumable goods is also improved for the better access through online. In the broader sense, the government of Australia is positively contributed towards the growth of the retailing business. In a nutshell, the top down analysis suggests that the Australian economy is quite supportive and can have the economic potentiality for the future growth in this sector. However, there are some recommendations which need to be considered for the future growth of the selected organizations. This has been observed from the bottom line analysis that Woolworths financial condition is not stable compare to Coles. The company is struggled with increased operating expenses and in sufficient liquid financial condition. The financial growth may also struggle due to the scarce working capital of the organization. To improve the liquidity of the firm, Woolworths needs to assess their operational costs and see if there are any scope to decrease them. Furthermore, Woolworths needs to reduce the unproductive assets from their statements of financial. By monitoring the figure of account receivables, the improved billing processing and prompt payments can be ensured. On the other hand, Woolworths needs to improve their inventory efficiencies to generate more revenue in the future year. In short, investing in Coles would be better option for future investors because the company gives the higher dividend to their existing shareholders. On the other hand, this company can easily mitigate their short term obligations by the utilizing their short term assets of the company. Though the retail growth of Coles is inspiring for the economic development of the nation, but it needs to be faster. For this, the company needs to increase its efficiencies and profitability. References Bartram, S.M. and Grinblatt, M., 2015. Fundamental Analysis Works.Available at SSRN 2479817. Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012.The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Breyer, C., Birkner, C., Meiss, J., Goldschmidt, J.C. and Riede, M. 2013, "A top-down analysis: Determining photovoltaics RD investments from patent analysis and RD headcount",Energy Policy,vol. 62, pp. 1570-1580. Coles.com, (2016). [online] Available at:https://www.coles.com.au/[Accessed13 Sep. 2016]. Fornelli, L., Parra, J., Hartmer, R., Stoermer, C., Lubeck, M. and Tsybin, Y.O., 2013. Top-down analysis of 3080 kDa proteins by electron transfer dissociation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry,405(26), pp.8505-8514. Goodman, T.H., Neamtiu, M. and Zhang, F., 2013. Fundamental analysis and option returns.Available at SSRN 1974753. Guerrero, A., Lerno, L., Barile, D. and Lebrilla, C.B., 2015. Top-down analysis of highly post-translationally modified peptides by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry,26(3), pp.453-459. Lee, A.E., Geisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Asteggiante, L., Dixon, E.K., Miller, M., Wang, Y., Fushman, D. and Fenselau, C., 2016. Preparing to read the ubiquitin code: topà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ down analysis of unanchored ubiquitin tetramers.Journal of Mass Spectrometry,51(8), pp.629-637. Uechi, L., Akutsu, T., Stanley, H.E., Marcus, A.J. and Kenett, D.Y., 2015. Sector dominance ratio analysis of financial markets.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,421, pp.488-509. Vyatkina, K., Wu, S., Dekker, L.J., VanDuijn, M.M., Liu, X., ToliĆ¡, N., Luider, T.M., Paa-ToliĆ¡, L. and Pevzner, P.A., 2016. Top-down analysis of protein samples by de novo sequencing techniques.Bioinformatics, p.btw307. Woolworths Online. (2016).Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at:https://www.woolworths.com.au/[Accessed13 Sep. 2016].