First Battle of El Alamein in World War II

The First Battle of El Alamein was fought July 1-27, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945). Having been badly defeated by Axis forces at Gazala in June 1942, the British Eighth Army retreated east into Egypt and assumed a defensive position near El Alamein. Pursued by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, the British constructed an elaborate array of defenses. Commencing attacks on July 1, Axis forces proved unable to break through Eighth Army. Subsequent British counterattacks failed to dislodge the enemy and by late July a stalemate ensued. In the wake of the fighting, command of Eighth Army passed to Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery who would lead it to victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein that fall. Fast Facts: First Battle of El Alamein Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: July 1-27, 1942Armies Commanders:AlliesGeneral Claude Auchinleckapprox. 150,000 menAxisField Marshal Erwin Rommelapprox. 96,000 menCasualties:Axis: approx. 10,000 killed and wounded, 7,000 capturedAllies: approx. 13,250 casualties Background Following its crushing defeat at the Battle of Gazala in June 1942, the British Eighth Army retreated east towards Egypt. Reaching the border, its commander, Lieutenant General Neil Ritchie, elected not to make a stand but to continue falling back to Mersa Matruh approximately 100 miles to the east. Establishing a defensive position based on fortified boxes that were linked by minefields, Ritchie prepared to receive Field Marshal Erwin Rommels approaching forces. On June 25, Ritchie was relieved as the Commander-in-Chief, Middle East Command, General Claude Auchinleck, elected to take personal control Eighth Army. Concerned that the Mersa Matruh line could be outflanked to the south, Auchinleck decided to retreat another 100 miles east to El Alamein. General Claude Auchinleck.   Public Domain Auchinleck Digs In Though it meant conceding additional territory, Auchinleck felt El Alamein presented a stronger position as his left flank could be anchored on the impassible Qattara Depression. The withdrawal to this new line was somewhat disorganized by rearguard actions at Mersa Matruh and Fuka between June 26-28. To hold the territory between the Mediterranean Sea and the depression, Eighth Army constructed three large boxes with the first and strongest centered on El Alamein on the coast. The next was situated 20 miles south at Bab el Qattara, just southwest of Ruweisat Ridge, while the third was located on the edge of the Qattara Depression at Naq Abu Dweis. The distance between the boxes was connected by minefields and barbed wire. Deploying to the new line, Auchinleck placed XXX Corps on the coast while the New Zealand 2nd and Indian 5th Divisions from XIII Corps were deployed inland. To the rear, he held the battered remnants of the 1st and 7th Armoured Divisions in reserve. It was Auchinlecks goal to funnel Axis attacks between the boxes where their flanks could be assaulted by the mobile reserve. Pushing east, Rommel increasingly began to suffer from severe supply shortages. Though the El Alamein position was strong, he hoped that the momentum of his advance would see him reach Alexandria. This view was shared by several in the British rear as many began preparing to defend Alexandria and Cairo as well as readied for a retreat further east. Rommel Strikes Approaching El Alamein, Rommel ordered the German 90th Light, 15th Panzer, and 21st Panzer Divisions to attack between the coast and Deir el Abyad. While the 90th Light was to drive forward before turning north to cut the coast road, the panzers were to swing south into the rear of XIII Corps. In the north, an Italian division was to support the 90th Light by attacking El Alamein, while in the south the Italian XX Corps was to move behind the panzers and eliminate the Qattara box. Rolling forward at 3:00 AM on July 1, the 90th Light advanced too far north and became in entangled in the 1st South African Divisions (XXX Corps) defenses. Their compatriots in the 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions were delayed getting started by a sandstorm and soon came under heavy air attack. Finally advancing, the panzers soon encountered heavy resistance from the 18th Indian Infantry Brigade near Deir el Shein. Mounting a tenacious defense, the Indians held through the day allowing Auchinleck to shift forces to the western end of Ruweisat Ridge. Along the coast, the 90th Light was able to resume their advance but was stopped by South African artillery and forced to halt. On July 2, the 90th Light attempted to renew their advance but to no avail. In an effort to cut the coast road, Rommel directed the panzers to attack east towards Ruweisat Ridge before turning north. Supported by the Desert Air Force, ad hoc British formations succeeded in holding the ridge despite strong German efforts. The next two days saw German and Italian troops unsuccessfully continue their offensive while also turning back a counterattack by the New Zealanders. July 12, 1942 - 25-pounder guns of the 2/8th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery, in action on the coastal sector near El Alamein, Egypt.   Public Domain Auchinleck Hits Back With his men exhausted and his panzer strength badly depleted, Rommel elected to end his offensive. Pausing, he hoped to reinforce and resupply before attacking again. Across the lines, Auchinlecks command was bolstered by the arrival of the 9th Australian Division and two Indian Infantry Brigades. Seeking to take the initiative, Auchinleck directed XXX Corps commander Lieutenant General William Ramsden to strike west against Tel el Eisa and Tel el Makh Khad using the 9th Australian and 1st South African Divisions respectively. Supported by British armor, both divisions made their attacks on July 10. In two days of fighting, they succeeded in capturing their objectives and turned back numerous German counterattacks through July 16. With Germans forces pulled north, Auchinleck commenced Operation Bacon on July 14. This saw the New Zealanders and Indian 5th Infantry Brigade strike the Italian Pavia and Brescia Divisions at Ruweisat Ridge. Attacking, they made gains on the ridge in three days of fighting and turned back substantial counterattacks from elements of the 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions. As fighting began to quiet, Auchinleck directed the Australians and the 44th Royal Tank Regiment to attack Miteirya Ridge in the north to relieve pressure on Ruweisat. Striking early on July 17, they inflicted heavy losses on the Italian Trento and Trieste Divisions before being forced back by German armor. Final Efforts Utilizing his short supply lines, Auchinleck was able to build a 2-to-1 advantage in armor. Seeking to utilize this advantage, he planned to renew the fighting at Ruweisat on July 21. While Indian forces were to attack west along the ridge, the New Zealanders were to strike towards the El Mreir depression. Their combined effort was to open a gap through which the 2nd and 23rd Armoured Brigades could strike. Advancing to El Mreir, the New Zealanders were left exposed when their tank support failed to arrive. Counterattacked by German armor, they were overrun. The Indians fared somewhat better in that they captured the western end of the ridge but were unable to take Deir el Shein. Elsewhere, the 23rd Armoured Brigade took heavy losses after becoming mired in a minefield. To the north, the Australians renewed their efforts around Tel el Eisa and Tel el Makh Khad on July 22. Both objectives fell in heavy fighting. Eager to destroy Rommel, Auchinleck conceived Operation Manhood which called for additional attacks in the north. Reinforcing XXX Corps, he intended for it to break through at Miteirya before proceeding to Deir el Dhib and El Wishka with the goal of cutting Rommels supply lines. Moving forward on the night of July 26/27, the complex plan, which called for opening several routes through minefields, quickly began to fall apart. Though some gains were made, they were quickly lost to German counterattacks. Aftermath Having failed to destroy Rommel, Auchinleck ended offensive operations on July 31 and began digging in and fortifying his position against an expected Axis assault. Though a stalemate, Auchinleck had won an important strategic victory in halting Rommels advance east. Despite his efforts, he was relieved in August and replaced as Commander-in-Chief, Middle East Command by General Sir Harold Alexander. General Sir Harold Alexander. Public Domain   Command of Eighth Army ultimately passed to Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery. Attacking in late August, Rommel was repulsed at the Battle of Alam Halfa. With his forces spent, he switched to the defensive. After building Eighth Armys strength, Montgomery commenced the Second Battle of El Alamein in late October. Shattering Rommels lines, he sent Axis forced reeling west.

Pygmalion Essay - 1651 Words

Pygmalion An interpretation of Class Relations in Pygmalion In Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion, there is a distinct variance in class relations and the way that early 20th century Britains were perceived as being different by their speech, money, wealth, style, manners, and appearance. Being a lady or a gentleman was an acquired status desirable among most of London’s society. However, in Pygmalion, Shaw tells a story about the transition of a homeless young woman with the aspiration to become a respected lady. Eliza Doolittle is an 18 or 19 year-old young women, making a living from selling old flowers on the streets. When she comes across a rude Professor, named Henry Higgins, he sarcastically offers her to â€Å"learn how to speak†¦show more content†¦Another example is when Eliza goes to get in the taxi and the driver is trying to keep her out, assuming that she has no money to pay for the ride. When Higgins meets Eliza, he comes across as very rude, saying: â€Å"Woman; cease the detestable boohooing instantly; or else seek the shelter of some other place of worship†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere – no right to live†¦. this creature with her kerbstone English: the English that will keep her in the gutter till the end of her days†¦Well sir, in three months I could pass that girl off as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party†¦..† He then goes on to call her names like â€Å"squashed cabbage leaf† ; â€Å"disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns† and an â€Å"incarnate insult to the English language†. With obviously no respect for the poor girl, he would say anything that he wants to her, with no spare to her feelings at all. An example related to this scenario can be compared to â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, by Peggy McIntosh. In this article, she describes how gender, race and sexual preference are a problem in America. In this case, however, it is more a subcultural problem, but it is related to the way classes differ. She discusses how white people, males particularly, have â€Å"skin color that was an asset for any move one was educatedShow MoreRelatedPygmalion Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesA text may promote obvious distinction between the authorial voice and characters viewpoint. This can be seen in the play of Pygmalion in by George Bernard shaw and the film Pleasantville directed by Gary Ross. Both of these texts show distinctive voices through dialogue the use of dialogue which highlights the relationships and differences between characters. Pygmalion is a play in five acts. It is about a young woman named Eliza Doolittle who sells flowers on the side of the street. She is veryRead MoreWilliam Shaw s Pygmalion On The Myth Of Pygmalion And Galatea1236 Words   |  5 PagesAt the end of Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion, Eliza finds herself as a new and empowered woman. Women in the 20th century are looked down upon. This is what happened to Eliza Doolittle. When Eliza meets a man named Higgins, he makes assumptions about her intelligence based on her speech. Higgins is wrong and fails to see that Eliza is one of the most intelligent characters in the play. Eliza’s ability to pick up speech and learn is high which is unusual for a woman of her social standing. In some casesRead MoreG. B. Shaws Pygmalion2306 Words   |  10 PagesLike all of Shaws great dramatic creations, Pygmalion is a richly complex play. 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The film interpretation is similar to the play in many aspects, though it is different in that, because itRead MoreThe Controversial Ending of Pygmalion Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesThe Controversial Ending of Shaw’s Pygmalion George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion is a play that has become a classic in today’s world. It is a retelling of an ancient story, of the same name, by the Roman poet, Ovid, in which a sculptor falls in love with a statue he carved. In Shaw’s story, Henry Higgins, an expert in phonetics, happens upon a poor flower girl with awful English and street manners named Eliza Doolittle. Throughout the course of the play Higgins transforms her into an elegant independentRead More Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesPygmalion by Bernard Shaw The word benefit is defined as; a favourable or helpful factor or circumstance. Many benefits are not immediately recognised, as they can be the result of something bad. In the play Pygmalion, by Bernard Shaw, Liza gains many benefits, but also disadvantages from her relationship with Higgins. Looking at benefits, she receives some beautiful clothes; Im to have fashionable clothes (p. 63), a good place to stay and financial ease. She meets other friendsRead MoreThe Themes of Pygmalion, by Bernard Shaw Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesThe play, Pygmalion, by Bernard Shaw is about a phonetics expert who makes a bet that he can pass a Cockney flower girl as a duchess in the matter of a few months. This girl, Eliza does achieve the transformation, but at the expense of a familiar life in the gutters, and risks being caste off into the world with nowhere to turn. This play explores many themes, has extensive use of symbolism, interesting tonality, irony, and the play itself is an allusion to ancient Greek mythology. The majorRead More The Character of Henry Higgins in Pygmalion Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pages Shaw has often been criticized for his inability to create well- developed round characters. His characters are usually seen as mere puppets propelled by the crisis of the plot or as mouthpieces for his socialist viewpoint. However in Pygmalion,, Shaw vindicates himself of these charges by the creation of rounded and life-like characters such as Higgins and Eliza. Clearly they are not authorial stooges. They have a peculiar quality that leaves a lasting imprint on the readers memory. But thereRead More Pygmalion My Fair Lady Essay652 Words   |  3 Pages Pygmalion amp; My Fair Lady nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The play Pygmalion and My Fair Lady, the musical, are the same story. The only major difference between the two, is that My Fair Lady has songs added to the dialogue. I believe the musical version is more enjoyable because the music adds more feeling to the story. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The opening scene is after an opera. The higher class people spill out into the streets. It is here that Eliza is selling her flowers. Eliza isRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Pygmalion `` By George Bernard Shaw1545 Words   |  7 PagesIn Pygmalion, George Bernard Shaw illustrates an everlasting tale of a women trapped in a world dominated and controlled by men. By using the crucial themes of class, language, and independence Shaw reveals the overall meaning of his work: how a man’s dream to turn an impoverish women into a sophisticated duchess only succeeds in pushing her further away, how the love he had for her was of his own creation, and how his heart of stone could not be sated by a statue that was nothing more than rock

Social Bond And Social Learning Theory - 1570 Words

Trying to understand why crime happens if a very important concept. Throughout history, criminologist have debated on which theory of crime is most accurate. Currently, social bond and social learning theory are two of the leading theories in the criminological world. Between these two theories there are a variety of differences and similarities. In addition to these theories Gottfredson and Hirschi have published a book where they use the concept of self control to describe crime. Analyzing these three theories can be important to understanding the current criminological world. Social bond theory shows an interesting way to look at the social problems, such as crime, that surround the world we live in. The theory primarily focuses on the peers and peer groups of individuals. The four basic elements that the theory focus on are attachment, commitment, involvement in activities including both criminal and noncriminal, and also the the common values that are giving to an individuals groups and subgroups. The element of attachment can be described as the values or the norms that someone has in their society. Attachment is most important with the figures that have a strong influence over a person s life such as parental figures. Friends at school can also be important people related to attachment. Commitment is different than attachment in that it focuses on how much a person is committed to abiding by legal behavior. As a child we are hopefully taught was is the right thingShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Ecstasy Use : A Test Of Social Bonds And Social Learning Theo ry Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagescritique and review in this paper is called â€Å"Adolescent Ecstasy Use: A Test of Social Bonds and Social Learning Theory† and it was published by an associate professor, Jason A. Ford, and a professor, Laurent B. Ford in the department of sociology in University of Central Florida in 2014. It is a research paper that focuses of the relationship between two social theories, social control theory and social learning theory, and ecstasy usage among adolescents. 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Social control theory and social learning theory suggest what makes us do the deviant behavior and what makes it different from one person to another. They both have to do with the world around us, but have different views on how you portray yourself from that. Social control is how you interact with society, and it suggest that if you are close to society you will have good behaviorRead MoreIb Psychology Sociocultural Notes3875 Words   |  16 Pagesgroup members may vary widely from one another. †¢ Characteristics: †¢ social-cognitive theories: †¢ our social world is very complex and presents us with too much information †¢ since our capacity to process information is limited, there is a need to simplify our social way †¢ one of the way to avoid information overload is social categorization †¢ these are stereotypes †¢ Stereotypes simplify information processing in social perception †¢ stereotypes are schemas as they: are energy-saving devices

Consumer Behavior of Micromax - 5048 Words

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Origin of the Report This report is prepared with the respect to course of Consumer Behavior. We are assigned to prepare a term paper by our honorable course instructor Mr. Farhan Faruqui. Our task is to make a survey on Micromax mobile and complete a study that covers all important factors of consumer behavior. 1.2 Objective of Study * To apply our knowledge that we have gathered from Consumer behavior course into the report * To provide the overview of Micromax mobile * To measure the business value of Micromax mobile * To give possible recommendation for Micromax mobile 1.3 Scope of the report This report is created on the basis of what people think about Micromax mobile. For this we†¦show more content†¦Micromax also sells data cards to service providers in India. On July 28, 2011, Micromax has withdrawn its 4.66 billion rupees (about $106 million) initial public offering (IPO) due to volatile market conditions. The withdrawal was recommended by its board to allow therefore company to focus on new product launches and product development. Currently Micromax has released 5 Android Smartphone devices in the market. Company is supposed to release kernel source for their Android Smartphone as Android uses Linux kernel which is covered under GPL (General Public License). But company has not released the kernel source code for any of their Android devices till date and is believed to violate the terms of GPL. Users of Micromax Android Series phone e.g. A60, A70, A73, A75 amp; A85 are continuously asking the company to release kernel source code. Micromax has denied to release kernel source code and no reason has been provided yet for such denial. 2.3 Company Profile Basic Information | Company Name: | Micromax Informatics Ltd | | Business Type: | Manufacturer | | Product/Service (We Sell): | Fixed Wireless Phone, Mobile Phones, HSPA Modems, EDGE Modems | | Brands: | Micromax | | Number of Employees: | 101 - 200 People | Trade amp; Market | Main Markets: | Southeast Asia Mid East | | Main Customers: | Telecom Operators | | Total Annual SalesShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy of Micromax1658 Words   |  7 PagesMARKETING STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT OF MICROMAX CANVAS 2 A110 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg 1 2. Key features and product pricing amp; situation analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg 2 3. Environmental analysis consumer behavior in Indian market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Pg 3 4. Porter`s 5 force model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pg 4 5. Integrated Marketing Communication tools†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg 5-6 6. Identified problems and alternative solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Pg 7 7. Conclusions and findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ PgRead MoreMicromax Market Analysis10043 Words   |  41 PagesMARKETING MANAGEMENT PROJECT REPORT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KASHIPUR A Study on Marketing Strategy of Micromax and Future Challenges Group 2 Akshay Aggarwal Ashok Kumar Mayank Singh Saurabh Bhise Mohit Sharma Submitted on: 21st Dec’ 2012 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KASHIPUR Acknowledgement Apart from the efforts made by the team, the success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitudeRead MoreMicromax Marketing Strategy8630 Words   |  35 Pages[pic] Marketing Project BM 2010-2012 Group 9 Product – Micromax Mobile CONTENTS a. Objectives i. Corporate Objective.........................................................................................3 ii. 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In e few years several research have been done with aimed to discovered about smartphones brand preferences, factors influencing on the consumers decision when purchasing it, and otherRead MoreResearch Report on Consumer Prefrence Towards Mobile Handsets6692 Words   |  27 PagesStudy of Consumer Buying Behavior regarding the different Brands of Mobile Handsets (Research Project Report) Submitted to:- University of Pune In Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master in Marketing Management (2009-11) Under the supervision of:- Submitted by:- Mr. Ajit Borde Prashant Singh

I Want a Wife a Wife or a Servant Free Essays

Many wives sometimes feel unappreciated, neglected, and often used; which sometimes may lead to speaking out loud for themselves. This was the case with a woman in the 70s named Judy Brady. In 1971, Judy Brady’s essay â€Å"I Want a Wife† was in the first edition of Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on I Want a Wife: a Wife or a Servant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Magazine; which targeted the inequality that was promised to women at this time. Being as the 70s was a time when women constantly struggled for equality and rights, Brady has some very interesting views on the term â€Å"wife.† Brady begins her thought process after hearing from a male friend who has recently become divorced. With him being single, and looking for a new wife; it occurred to Brady that she too wanted a wife of her own. Brady states throughout her essay reasons why she would want a wife, making them very bold and easily understood. â€Å"I want a wife to take care of my physical needs.†(525) and â€Å"I want a wife who will keep my clothes cleaned, ironed, and mended†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (525) are just a couple of reasons Brady gives for wanting a wife. Women in the 70s were often looked at as almost subhuman, making them stand up and speak for themselves. Brady clearly does not want a wife of her own, but is merely trying to make a bold statement to readers of this magazine. In doing so, she is trying to help the reader understand how hard a wife works and how easily they are taken for granted. Brady makes her voice heard by using a satirical form of writing, and by doing this; she makes a very good point. Many men in the early 20th century viewed women as a pedestal by which they relied on for their everyday needs. The sarcasm of the essay shows the reader how a wife feels about how she is treated. Brady states in her closing sentence, â€Å"My god who wouldn’t want a wife?†(525), which basically states that wives are unappreciated and over worked in many ways. Brady’s essay is one that could have both good and bad reactions from its readers. Brady goes on in her essay as if she wants a wife to pick up the duties of her everyday life so that she may pursue her dreams. Many women of the 70s were beginning to take a stand on women’s rights, so this particular audience would have agreed with Brady. Statements such as â€Å"I want a wife who will take care of the details of my social life. When my wife and I are invited out by my friends, I want a wife who will take care of the babysitting arrangements.†(525), sounds very appealing to the women of this time. On the opposite end, many wives could be offended by Brady’s essay. Some wives of the 70s enjoyed the life of a housewife. People that were raised in the early 20th century were always taught that the women took care of the family’s needs, which included the husband. Although this was a shrinking percentage of women, they still must be considered within the reading audience. By making her voice heard, Brady makes a clear point that she is tired of being over-worked and unappreciated. Most anyone could easily agree that wives in early 20th century America were completely unappreciated, and often used; while others could also disagree, as they enjoy staying at home and slaving over everyday chores. Overall, Brady’s essay was well-written, and the point was made clear enough so that all Americans would know that some housewives just can’t be silent any longer. How to cite I Want a Wife: a Wife or a Servant, Essay examples

Negotiation Strategies Level of Complexity and Issues

Question: Discuss about the Negotiation Strategies for Level of Complexity and Issues. Answer: Introduction to the Topic There are wide range of conflicts exist in daily life adding up to the tensions among the individuals and commercial sectors. Hence, it is better to raise a suitable discussion for clarifying the relevant factors supporting the achievement of possible alternatives to reduce the negative implications. With such an aim, the following portion will be dealt with taking a suitable article and analysing that to develop the argument. Topic Two: Wood, T. (2016). Negotiating Strategies Should Fit Your Situation Depending on the context, the best negotiation strategy or style is adopted. Different experts around the world initially study and analyse the relevant situation, in the beginning, to come up with the techniques for achieving the predetermined goal. The selection of the article is done by considering its importance by analysing and demonstrating the negotiation strategies adopted by four recent United States presidents by understanding their corresponding situations. Based on the adjustment to such situation, the particular style and strategy are embraced for achieving the success. Before the analysis of the examples, it must need to propose that the president of the United States is not only known as the commander-in-chief, but also he is responsible for the chief level of negotiation. The president is often needed to make a strategic decision in order to shape up his approaches for negotiating with different satiations from forging an agreement with the foreign power to breaking a deal with the opposition party. With the help of analysis of these particular situations, the proper knowledge related to negotiation strategies can be acknowledged. Considering the example of the negotiation strategies followed by President Barrack Obama, he initially adopted a collaborative approach to reducing the debt level associated with the economy and ensuring different reformations in the healthcare system of the country. However, it is observed that the particular style of negotiation weakened by the low level of collaboration from the opposition party. In this particular scenario, a series of budget crisis can be observed in 2010-11, which leads to the abandonment of such negotiation approach, as the president switched to the competitive approach for dealing with the situations like employment issues and taxation policy challenges. Though the president remained the popular public figure around the world, it is observed that the poll ratings related to his performance had suffered probably by the failure to his earlier negotiation approach. In the case of George W. Bush (2001 2009), the president embraced a competitive approach from the beginning in order to deal with the terrorist attacks of 9/11 incident. With the help of such approach, the president had developed policies from both international and domestic perspectives without seeking much input from his counterparts. The re-election of the president in 2004 suggested that the negotiation strategy adopted by Bush was highly endorsed by the American citizens from the perspective of foreign affairs and national security. The second terms of his period demanded the need of collaborative approach caused by the incidents related to Hurricane Katrina and the financial crisis of 2008 alongside the issues faced by the county related to the illegal immigration. The combination of these particular factors led the end of Bushs presidency. Considering the case of Ronald Reagan (1981 1989), the president understood right from the beginning that the prolonged negotiation requires the adoption of different strategies for different situations. In the first terms of his presidency, he adopted the competitive approach as the negotiation strategy to form the massive military build-up for dealing with the Cold War with between America and the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, from the domestic perspective, Reagan implemented a collaborative approach for forging collaborations with the conservative Democrats for dealing with the spending cuts. Based on such negotiation strategy, the president was able to ensure the substantial tax code reforms in the second presidential term of his tenure. From the instance of Jimmy Carter (1977 1981), it is observed that the president put apriority on the avoidance approach exemplified by the overly passive response to the Iranian hostage crisis. On the other hand, the USs boycott of Summer Olympic 1980 in Moscow due to the invasion of Soviet Union in Afghanistan can be critically observed during the time. Due to the employment of such negotiation approach, he suffered the lack of public support, denying him the second terms in the presidential election. In line with the overall understanding developed, useful information can be further achieved by the analysis of an article named Negotiation Strategy: Seven Common Pitfalls to Avoid produced by Barbara Buell (2007). The significant output of the article is based on avoiding the common pitfalls is necessary in order to involve in the negotiation process for the firm or the individual position. The development of a proper negotiation strategy is highly influenced by the successful bargaining capacity of the responsible individuals. The success of bargaining depends on finding positivity of every possible circumstance. In this particular scenario, it is also necessary to consider some of the common pitfalls providing a hindrance to the successful delivery of the negotiation strategy. Poor planning is one of such identified drawbacks, where the successful negotiators are critically required to make detailed plans by knowing their priorities and agreement. Failure to know such factors wil l affect the own agenda of the negotiator to provide negative influences on the planning process. Apart from that, ineffective thinking capacity also poses a major threat in preparing the right negotiation strategy. For an example, the employer should need to think rationally before providing a promotion or transfer notice to an employee. The employer should need to consider critically on how such decision will affect the rest of the employees within the workforce. Therefore, different types of alternatives and proper clarifications must need to be prepared by the employer in order sustain a decision made by him over a particular scenario. Thirdly, another significant pitfall causing difficulty to the negotiation process strategy is the failure to pay proper attention to the opponent, as the negotiators should need to analyse different kind of biases the opponents are capable of to bring to the table. Conclusion Though the negotiation strategies for an entity or an individual may not match to the presidential level of complexity and issues, it is crucial to adopt and employ a best fitting negotiation strategy based on the situation for achieving the success. References Wood, T. (2016). Negotiating Strategies Should Fit Your Situation | WatershedAssociates.com. Watershedassociates.com. Retrieved 10 March 2016, from https://www.watershedassociates.com/negotiationblog/negotiating-strategies-should-fit-your-situation

Financial Markets and Institutes Business Incorporation

Question: Discuss about the Financial Markets and Institutes for Business Incorporation. Answer: Introduction Before investing into the business, it is always desirable to analyze top down and bottom-up approaches. The top down analysis helps to assess big picture related to the business, incorporating the finer details such as micro-economic factors, industrial trends and so on (Vyatkina et al. 2016). On the other hand, the bottom up analysis is beneficial for assessing a stock based on the attributes of the company individually (Guerrero et al. 2015). The firms performance, thus, can be measured by addressing the accounting ratios by the approach of a bottom-up analysis. The objective of this report is to understand the overall economic environment for taking decision about the future performances of the company. The aim of the conventional analysis is to identify factors that are likely to influence the course of changes of a company corresponding with its share prices. The report will incorporate macro and micro information of two companies considering the same industrial background. The ASX listed two companies are Coles and Woolworths. Both companies are operating under the retail framework. In this assignment, the research will find the economic as well as the financial details for forecasting the future conditions of both the companies. In the first section, the researcher will conduct Top Down Analysis to understand the changes in economic fundamentals. On the other hand, the financial performances of companies will be analyzed with the help of fundamental accounting ratios by conducting the bottom up analysis. Background of the Industry: Retailers are intermediaries between consumers and producers (Uechi et al. 2015). Their effective and efficient market operations ensure highest consumer access to the greatest choice of the goods at the best prices considering the changing preferences. This retail industry is one of the major service industries of Australia. This provides Australian to buy goods at the most convenient location ensuring the best price with the matching of the appropriateness to their needs. The retail industry is one of the largest employers of Australia. There are almost 140000 retail businesses associated with this industry along with the participation about 1.2 million people or 10.7 per cent of the total working populations of the nation. The mission statement of Coles is to make the best retailer in every market the company operates. Thus the retail supermarket is continued to serve better. On the other hand, Woolworths stated aim to be attract the large community and being recognized as the best loved retailer for home, family leisure and kids. Top-down analysis The steady consumer consumptions of the retail business of Australia have largely contributed in the nations GDP growth rate (Goodman, Neamtiu and Zhang 2013). In 2015, the GDP of the nation has been grew by 1 percent which can be considered one of the strongest economic expansion since the June quarter 2012. Presently, the annual growth of the GDP has been reaching an all time high of 4.40 percent Fornelli et al. 2013) This has been identified that the Australian economy is dominated by its service sector, yet the economic growth is comprehensively depends on the Australians mineral resources and agriculture. In the developed economic condition, the expenditure has been increased by 1.9 percent. Needless to say, the growing contribution of the service industry refers the extended growth of the GDP by 1.1 percent in March quarter of 2016. Major industrialists of Australia anticipates that the economic condition would remain resilient and stable across the world in terms of market cap italization and the growth of the Australian dollar in the international market. Currently, retailing in Australia experienced positive growth in 2015. The positive wealth influence supports a strong housing market with the low interest rates (Guerrero et al. 2015). Furthermore, a strong credit growth encouraged consumers to spend more in their daily lives. On the other hand, much of retailing in Australia is changing in response to the growing competition arising from the popularity of online shopping. However, the Australian retail industry has previously struggled with unstable consumer sentiment and the delicate economic growth due to the volatile Australian financial market conditions. Now the industry inspired with the higher household savings ratio. The key performance industry indicators are the increasing competition, the mature nature of the consumer goods and the associated costs pressures. Though it is already mentioned that the majority of the country people of Australia are employed in this industry, the retail section of the business, thus, makes a significant contribution to economic output of the nation. The current retail turnover of the country is 25040.2 $m as on June 2016. (Source: Bierman Jr and Smidt 2012) The economic trend estimates .1 percent growth in July 2016. It is interesting fact that the industry follows a rise of .1 percent in the month of June 2016 and simultaneously the month of May, 2016. In addition, most of the sub-division of the retail industry has positively contributed and rose in trend terms in July 2016. For instances, sub-divisions of the industry ensure steady growth in trend terms in July 2016: retailing of foods (.1%), clothing and accessories (.6%), caf, take away food services (.5%), departmental services (.2%) and so on. In the last hierarchy of the Top down, the discussion will cover both company-specific. Woolworths has positively influence the retail supply chain, and made it more sustainable and reduce carbon footprints. In the sustainability strategy 2007-2015, Woolworths concentrated five key areas and improved the sustainability and reduce its impact on the environment (Woolworths Online 2016). The core environmental factors of Woolworths are carbon emission and climate change, waste and recycling, local sourcing, packaging, and water mechanism. Based on the projected growth level by experts, the company has achieved a landmark with the reduction of carbon emissions from their departmental stores by 40 percent in 2015 (Lee et al. 2016). The company has implemented innovation for their stores in the areas of light and air conditioning, refrigeration which certainly enhanced the end-delivery retail services of the company. Currently, the company has achieved 25 percent reduction in carbon emissi on per square metre for their new supermarkets (Coles.com 2016). The company has made an effort in terms of additional packaging to protect materials during transportations. On the other hand, Coles, has largely contributed in the success of home growers by incorporating into their supply chain process. Currently 96 percent fresh produce sold at Coles which are home growing products. Furthermore, this company provides frozen vegetables from Tasmania and contributed in over $37 million to the economy of Tasmania. Thus the company is the equal contributor both in the economic sector of Australia and other part of the country. Bottom-down Analysis With the bottom down analysis, firms can assess the financial environment of the firm (Bartram and Grinblatt 2015). In the broader sense, the researcher can evaluate by estimating potential sales in order to determine the net sales figure. In other words, the researcher can compare their products with the help of the present sales that can be curve out. To measure the firms performance, the ratios have been evaluated. The ratios can be evaluated by the different perspectives such as liquidity, efficiency, solvency, profitability and many others. In this analysis, the researcher discusses the three perspectives. The liquidity is all about the companys ability to meet its short term obligation. As per the calculation suggests, the current ratio of Woolworths is lower than one. It signifies that Woolworths is struggling a bit and concerned about the short-term liabilities which needs to mitigate with the help of the short term assets of the company (Woolworths Online 2016). This ratio greater than or equal to one assumes that the company will be able to satisfy near term obligations. Based on the last five years liquid figures of Woolworths, it has been evaluated that the company never achieved it liquidity figure more than one year. In a nutshell this can be said that Woolworths is currently facing issues related to the liquidity. In addition, the working capital of the company is also showing negat ive balance over the last five years. On the other hand, Coles, the retail section of Wesfarmers has represented their financial position in their group annual report, It has been ascertained that this company is holding far better liquid position compare to Woolworths. However, the current ratio is lower compare to the previous year. However, Coles has enough working capital to manage the short-term obligations of the company (Coles.com 2016). Furthermore, the quick ratio is the also healthy over the last five years. This ratio is always desirable if it is higher. The higher quick ratio means Coles will be ride out any future uncertainties related to their retail operation. The entire financial market depends on the financial performances of the firm. With the help of the financial ratio, the researcher can understand the profitability factor of the chosen business. The total revenue of Woolworths has been increasing over the years. The current net revenue has been AU$60868 at the end of 2015 (Woolworths Online 2016). The gross profit of the company is also increasing over the years. The gross profit margin, thus, is healthy. However, Woolworths was failed to sustain the figure till the end of the fiscal year and hence, Woolworth has not shown the same growth in order to realization of the net income. Furthermore, this has been investigated that the operating expenses of the company has been accelerated over the years. In the year of 2011, Woolworths invested AU$11348 to ensure the smooth retail operation. This figure has been increased by AU$14271 in 2015. This signifies that the company needs to control their operational expenses in the future years. This will also improve the net income figure in the next financial year. Generally, investors are interested in the dividend payout ratio because it indicates the companys ability to give returns to their investors against paying out a reasonable portion of net income. Conversely, the total revenue of Wesfarmers has been positively increased over the last five years. The gross profit margin is also stable as well as the net profit. The dividend payment ratio has also been accelerated. The parent group of Coles has given more dividends in the year of 2015 compare to the previous month. The improved profitability is largely responsible for reduced operating expenses of the company. This is the reason the operating margin of the company is lower compare to the Woolworths. The efficiency ratio is normally used to analyze the behavior of assets and liabilities internally (Breyer et al. 2013). It gives the clear idea about the turnover of receivables, the usage and volume of equity, the measurement of the repayment of liabilities and so on. Thus, the report incorporated this ratio to analyze the commercial performance of the company. The current inventory ratio of Woolworth is 9.27 which indicate the companys effectiveness for managing the inventory for a period which needs to compare with the costs of goods sold. This ratio is significant because the total turnover depends on two main components of performance. The initial segment is the purchasing of stock and the second one is sales. Woolworthss costs of goods sold has certainly been increased with the enough exposure of their retail volume, however, it is positive that the net sales is also increasing. It is indeed a fact that the new sales volume is obstructed for the less adequate liquid position of the company. The assets turnover ratio, on the other hand, shows the efficiency which can be utilized for the generation of sale from its assets by comparing the total sales with the assets (average) of the company. The assets turnover ratio of Woolworths is stable. This indicates that the company is efficiently generating sales by utilizing the assets of the co mpany. On the contrary, the efficiency ratios of Coles tales the different story compare to Woolworths. The inventory ratio of the company is reducing which signifies that the company can manage their inventory and successfully converted it to their net sales (Coles.com 2016). It is also positive that the company is positively uphold the sales figure and accelerated with each year. Compare to both companys financial performance with the financial ratios, this can be evaluated the Woolworths is concerned with liquid position of the company whereas Coles is positively maintained stable liquid condition over the last five years and helps to mitigate the short-term obligation of the company. On the other hand, the profitability position of Wesfarmers is better compare to the other selected retail giant of Australia. Here Woolworth is more concerned about increased operating expenses in each year of financials. Lastly, Woolworths is far behind than Coles in terms of the efficiency ratios. The assets turnover ratio of Coles is much higher than the Woolworths. Summary and Recommendations As per the trading analysts assumptions, the retail sales in Australia are expected to be 1.86 percent by the end of 2016. In the long term, the Australia retail sales are projected around 3.60 in the next four years. The growing online retail trend has become popular day by day which increases a lot of retailing opportunities. On the other hand, the physical distribution of consumable goods is also improved for the better access through online. In the broader sense, the government of Australia is positively contributed towards the growth of the retailing business. In a nutshell, the top down analysis suggests that the Australian economy is quite supportive and can have the economic potentiality for the future growth in this sector. However, there are some recommendations which need to be considered for the future growth of the selected organizations. This has been observed from the bottom line analysis that Woolworths financial condition is not stable compare to Coles. The company is struggled with increased operating expenses and in sufficient liquid financial condition. The financial growth may also struggle due to the scarce working capital of the organization. To improve the liquidity of the firm, Woolworths needs to assess their operational costs and see if there are any scope to decrease them. Furthermore, Woolworths needs to reduce the unproductive assets from their statements of financial. By monitoring the figure of account receivables, the improved billing processing and prompt payments can be ensured. On the other hand, Woolworths needs to improve their inventory efficiencies to generate more revenue in the future year. In short, investing in Coles would be better option for future investors because the company gives the higher dividend to their existing shareholders. On the other hand, this company can easily mitigate their short term obligations by the utilizing their short term assets of the company. Though the retail growth of Coles is inspiring for the economic development of the nation, but it needs to be faster. For this, the company needs to increase its efficiencies and profitability. References Bartram, S.M. and Grinblatt, M., 2015. Fundamental Analysis Works.Available at SSRN 2479817. Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012.The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Breyer, C., Birkner, C., Meiss, J., Goldschmidt, J.C. and Riede, M. 2013, "A top-down analysis: Determining photovoltaics RD investments from patent analysis and RD headcount",Energy Policy,vol. 62, pp. 1570-1580. Coles.com, (2016). [online] Available at:https://www.coles.com.au/[Accessed13 Sep. 2016]. Fornelli, L., Parra, J., Hartmer, R., Stoermer, C., Lubeck, M. and Tsybin, Y.O., 2013. Top-down analysis of 3080 kDa proteins by electron transfer dissociation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry,405(26), pp.8505-8514. Goodman, T.H., Neamtiu, M. and Zhang, F., 2013. Fundamental analysis and option returns.Available at SSRN 1974753. Guerrero, A., Lerno, L., Barile, D. and Lebrilla, C.B., 2015. Top-down analysis of highly post-translationally modified peptides by fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry,26(3), pp.453-459. Lee, A.E., Geisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Asteggiante, L., Dixon, E.K., Miller, M., Wang, Y., Fushman, D. and Fenselau, C., 2016. Preparing to read the ubiquitin code: topà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ down analysis of unanchored ubiquitin tetramers.Journal of Mass Spectrometry,51(8), pp.629-637. Uechi, L., Akutsu, T., Stanley, H.E., Marcus, A.J. and Kenett, D.Y., 2015. Sector dominance ratio analysis of financial markets.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,421, pp.488-509. Vyatkina, K., Wu, S., Dekker, L.J., VanDuijn, M.M., Liu, X., ToliĆ¡, N., Luider, T.M., Paa-ToliĆ¡, L. and Pevzner, P.A., 2016. Top-down analysis of protein samples by de novo sequencing techniques.Bioinformatics, p.btw307. Woolworths Online. (2016).Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at:https://www.woolworths.com.au/[Accessed13 Sep. 2016].